Skin and Hair Restoration by Natural Amino Acid and Peptide Crown Complexes

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to certain skin and hair care agents of formula (I), derived from natural amino acids and peptides. These agents provide multi-functional treatment of enzyme-related topical problems, for example, darkened skin including age spots, circles around eyes and stretch marks; skin conditions related to acne including excess facial oil and facial pore size; premature hair aging including hair loss and graying; inflammation including intra-cellular and extra-cellular inflammation; skin aging including wrinkles and fine lines; loss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of skin pliability; malfunction of tyrosinase group of enzymes; malfunction of matrix metalloprotease group of enzymes; and combinations thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             Wherein, 
             R, R′, and R″=any substituent(s); and 
             M=H, Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mo, V, Cr, Ammonium, Alkyl ammonium, and Nitrogen Heterocyclic ammonium.

This invention is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/309,437 (filed Aug. 4, 2006), which was published as U.S. patentapplication pre-grant publication 20070099886. The present inventiondiscloses topical treatment for skin and hair restoration by thecompositions of the above invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to certain N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]aminoacids, also known as “Amino Acid Schiff's Bases”, which are derived fromHydroxyaryl alkyl ketones and amino acids or peptides, and metal saltsor complexes thereof. These are beneficial for the treatment of skin andhair disorder or condition via up-regulation (activation) ordown-regulation (inhibition) of enzyme mechanisms related in common tosaid disorder(s) or condition(s). The method of present treatment isthus applicable to a group of disorders or conditions that are common tosaid enzymes, thus providing multiple treatment benefits via theapplication of a single composition. This multi-function treatmentmethod of topical disorders or conditions is thus novel in itself.

In a surprising and unexpected discovery, theN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids and their trace metal complexesof the present invention are useful for topical application for theinhibition or activation of metal-activated enzymes and metalloenzymes,such as tyrosinase group, which includes Phenylalanine Hydroxylase,Tyrosine Transaminase, Phenylalanine Transaminase, and DOPA oxidase;various MMP (Matrix metalloproteases), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), whichincludes SOD-1, SOD-2, and SOD03; 5-Alpha Reductase, and citrate lyase.

A method of topical application is also disclosed, which provides atreatment of groups of inter-related enzyme dysfunction that cause saidskin or hair condition such as darkened skin including age spots,circles around eyes and stretch marks; skin conditions related to acneincluding excess facial oil and facial pore size; premature hair agingincluding hair loss and graying; inflammation including intra-cellularand extra-cellular inflammation; skin aging including wrinkles and finelines; loss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of skinpliability; malfunction of tyrosinase group of enzymes; malfunction ofmatrix metalloprotease group of enzymes; and combinations thereof. Thepresent method thus provides multiple treatments that are enzymaticallyrelated, for example treatment of darkened skin including age spots,circles around the eyes and stretch marks, all of which are caused bymalfunctioning of tyrosinase group of enzymes. Similarly, treatment ofloss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of skin pliability ispossible, as malfunctioning of matrix metalloprotease group of enzymescauses all of which. The treatment of premature hair aging includingpremature hair loss and hair graying via a single treatment is possible,as malfunctioning of tyrosinase group of enzymes and matrixmetalloprotease group of enzymes is the common cause for all of which.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[FIG. 1]. [(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]Amino Acid.

[FIG. 2]. [(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]Amino Acids and their MetalComplexes.

[FIG. 3]. [(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]Amino Acid Cu “Crown Complexes”.

[FIG. 4]. N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene] levulinic acid.

[FIG. 5]. Example of the Preparation of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]AminoAcids and N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene] Peptides.

[FIG. 6]. Preparation of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]Amino Acid MetalComplexes.

[FIG. 7]. Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alkylidene]Glycine CuComplex.

[FIG. 8]. Alternate Preparation of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]Amino AcidMetal Complex.

[FIG. 9]. L-Tyrosine and Melanin Biosynthesis via Shikimate Pathway.

[FIG. 10]. Active-Site of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase.

[FIG. 11]. Iron Chelate of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene] Amino Acid.

[FIG. 12]. Structural Similarity of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]AminoAcids (A) and Enolic Form of Phenyl Pyruvate (B).

[FIG. 13]. Reaction Catalyzed by Monophenol Monooxigenase.

[FIG. 14]. Dismutation of Superoxide Anion by SOD.

[FIG. 15]. Cystine & Cysteine Schiff's Bases and their Cu Complexes.

[FIG. 16]. Binding of “Cystine Crown Complex” with —SH Groups ofCysteine in Hair.

[FIG. 17]. Binding of Cysteine & Methionine “Crown Complex” with —SHGroups of Cysteine in Hair.

[FIG. 18]. Molybdopterin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This invention relates to certain N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]aminoacids, also known as “Amino Acid Schiff's Bases”, mostly in theiroptically active forms, and having general chemical structure in FIG. 1.These are derived from Hydroxyaryl alkyl ketones and amino acids orpeptides. These are beneficial for multifunction topical application fortreatment of skin and hair disorder or condition.

This invention also relates to certain metal complexes of Schiff's basesfrom natural amino acids and peptides, for exampleN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids derived from alpha-amino acids,having general chemical structure in FIG. 2. The complexes that containa monovalent metal, atom, or group; such as H, Li, Na, K, and variousammonium, alkyl ammonium, and nitrogen heterocyclics; are in open chainform (Structure A, FIG. 2). The complexes that contain a divalent or apolyvalent metal (Structure B, FIG. 2), surprisingly and unexpectedly,have a cyclic crown-like appearance in their three-dimensional opticallyactive chemical structure in which ortho-hydroxyl group of the arylmoiety binds with the metal atom via electron transfer, for exampleN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]histidine copper “Crown Complex” andN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]arginine copper “Crown Complex”, the proposedstructure of both shown in FIG. 3.

[FIG. 1].

[FIG. 2].

[FIG. 3].

The other amino acids, such as beta amino acids, gamma-amino acids, anddelta-amino acids, also form correspondingN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids. For example, the reaction oflevulinic acid, or its sodium salt, providesN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]levulinic acid, or the corresponding sodiumsalt, as shown in [FIG. 4].

[FIG. 4].

In a surprising and unexpected discovery, theN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the present invention andtheir trace metal complexes are useful for topical application,including the activation or inhibition of metal-activated enzymes andmetalloenzymes, such as Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, TyrosineTransaminase, Phenylalanine Transaminase, Tyrosinases, various MMP(Matrix metalloproteases), Superoxide dismutases, 5-Alpha Reductase, andcitrate lyase.

The N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids and their trace metalcomplexes disclosed in the present invention provide multifunctiontreatment of topical condition, for example, darkened skin including agespots, circles around eyes and stretch marks; acne including excessfacial oil and facial pore size; premature hair aging including hairloss and graying; inflammation including intra-cellular andextra-cellular inflammation; skin aging including wrinkles and finelines; loss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of skinpliability; malfunction of tyrosinase group of enzymes; malfunction ofmatrix metalloprotease group of enzymes; and combinations thereof viathe method of their topical application disclosed herein.

N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid, in the present invention, isselected from N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine, andN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}glycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyproline,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}serine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}carnosine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}glutathione,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}proline,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}hydroxyproline,andN-{1-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]propylidene}glycine,and salts thereof.

The derivatives of an aldehyde or ketone with a primary amine, called(alkylidene)amino acids), or Schiff's bases, have been used extensivelyin chemical synthesis, for example, in peptide synthesis [Sheehan etal., Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 84, 2417 (1962); Dane etal., Angew. Chemie, vol 74, 873 (1962)], and Al-Sayyab et al., J. Chem.Soc.(C), 406 (1968).

Asolkar et al., [Journal of Natural Products, vol. 48, 2 (2002)] havereported a natural Schiff's base, Limnazine. A copper chelatedhydroxyalkyl ketone complex, Tenuazoic acid, is the only known exampleof a natural product of this class.

The Schiff's base complexes of metals are also well known in the priorart. Such complexes have been used, for example, in chemical synthesis,for example, as complexing agents [Johnson et al., Inorganic Chemistry,vol. 35, 2602 (1996); Can, Journal of Chemical Society, Perkin Trans. I,3137 (1991)]; amine synthesis (Larm, U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,784); andcysteinyl protease inhibitors (Munoz et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,617,426).The Schiff's base complexes of metals have usually been made in theprior art by the reaction of a Schiff's base with an inorganic metalsalt, for example, Abd-Elzaher [Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society,vol. 48 153 (2001)] discloses Ni, Cu, and Zn complexes of Schiff's basesfrom 2-hydroxyacetophenone and aromatic diamines by such process.

The Schiff's bases of certain aromatic aldehydes with amino acid amideshave been disclosed (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,846,955; 5,047,585; 4,847,412;4,172,846; and 4,873,359).

Martinez et al. (Journal of Materials Online, vol. 2, 1 (2006)] disclosenickel complexes of Schiff's bases derived from nitro-benzaldehyde andethylenediamine. These have been used for certain electrodeapplications.

Keypour et al. [Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, vol. 1, 53(2004] disclose cadmium Schiff's base complexes prepared by thecondensation of diacetylpyridine with hexamines, followed by themetalation of resulting Schiff's base derivative.

Gao et al. [Molecules, vol. 7, 511 (2002)] disclose certain Schiff'sbase ligands derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and chiral diaminessuitable for metal complexation. These are not derived from amino acids.

Raman et al. [Journal of Chemical Science, vol. 4, 215 (2004)] disclosecertain copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc complexes of Schiff's basesderived from benzyl-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone with aniline. These havebeen of use as complexing agents in analytical chemistry.

Alemi et al. [Acta Chimica Slovenia, vol. 47, 363 (2000)] disclosecertain copper complexes of Schiff's bases of butylcalix[4]arenas.

Mandlik et al. [Polish Journal of Chemistry, vol. 77, 129 (2003)]disclose Cr, Mn, Fe, oxo-V, Zr, and dioxo-U complexes of Schiff's basesderived from 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone and isonicotinoyl hydrazone.These were tested for potential antimicrobial activity. OtherHydroxyacetophenone derivatives, such as Phloridzin and Phloretin, whichare known for their antioxidant and free-radical scavenging benefits(Gaudout et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,041,322), have not been disclosed intheir Schiff's base derivative forms.

Schiff's base derivatives of 2-hydroxyacetophenone anddiaminodiphenylether have been disclosed for their x-ray analysis [Pinaret al., Acta Crystallographica, vol. E62, 2056 (2006)].

Copper complexes of Schiff's bases from 2-hydroxyacetophenone andhexamethylene thiosemicarbazide have been disclosed for their x-rayanalysis [Sreekanth et al., Spectrochimica Acta, A Mol. Biomol.Spectroscop, vol. 59 1349 (2003)].

Copper complexes of 2-hydroxybenzophenone have been disclosed (Johnson,U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,667).

Kordosky et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,470,552; 4,507,268) disclose certainmetal complexes of alkyl Hydroxyacetophenone oximes.

Schiff's bases from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and2-methyl-1,3-phenylenediamine have been disclosed [Jarrahpour et al.,Molbank, M455 (2006)]. Trace metal complexes of Schiff's bases havetraditionally been made by a two step process in the prior artencompassing, (1) first, the preparation of the Schiff's base, and (2)second, the reaction of Schiff's base with a metal donor to form metalcomplex of Schiff's base.

The Schiff's bases, or N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids [FIG. 1],of the present invention have now been prepared by a novel method. Amixture of hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone, an amino acid, and water is heatedwith mixing. N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids are formed in-situ.This is both surprising and unexpected, since the preparation of saidSchiff's bases of hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone and amino acid also resultsin the formation of a molecule of water. These reactions are thususually performed in the prior art in an anhydrous medium in the absenceof water, for example, Jarrahpour et al., Molbank, M455 (2006); Gao etal., Molecules, 7, 511 (2002). Moreover, the removal of water generatedin this reaction by azeotropic distillation is frequently required. Thisreaction is accelerated by the inclusion of a monovalent metal oxide,metal hydroxide, metal carbonate, or metal bicarbonate in equimolaramounts to amino acid, in which case the monovalent salts ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids are formed, from whichN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids can be generated by theacidification of said monovalent salts to pH of 6.5 or less [FIG. 5]. Inaddition to amino acids, peptides can also be used in this reaction. Thereaction of a hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone with a peptide in the presence ofa monovalent metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal carbonate, or metalbicarbonate in equimolar amounts results in the formation of thecorresponding metal salt of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]peptide. Forexample, the reaction of a hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone with carnosine, adipeptide, is illustrated in [FIG. 5].

[FIG. 5].

The trace metal complexes of Schiff's bases [FIG. 2] have been made inthe present invention also by a novel chemical reaction between a(hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone and a divalent or polyvalent metal complex ofan amino acid, for example, as in FIG. 6. The reaction in FIG. 6 can bevia a one step (Path A) or two-step (Path B) process. Irrespective ofthe process pathway (A), or (B), the end result is the same.

[FIG. 6].

The amino acid moiety can be an alpha-amino acid, a beta-amino acid, agamma-amino acid, a delta amino acid, an epsilon amino acid, and soforth, although an alpha-amino acid is preferred.

However, if a monovalent metal complex of an amino acid is used in theabove process then an open chain complex is obtained (Structure A, FIG.2). The monovalent metal salt of an amino acid can be formed in situ,for example, by the reaction of a monovalent metal oxide, metalhydroxide, metal carbonate, or metal bicarbonate with an amino acid inequimolar amounts in water or a hydroxylic solvent. This reaction can bedone in situ. For example, a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metalcarbonate, or metal bicarbonate is mixed with an amino acid in equimolaramounts in water solution, then a hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone is added andthe mixture is heated to form monovalent metal salt ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid. The free-acid form ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid can be generated from thecorresponding monovalent metal complex by adjusting the pH to 6.5 orless. This reaction can be monitored by ir spectroscopy. The principalbands in some of the N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino acids aretabulated in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Ir Spectral Data of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]aminoacid [FIG. 1]. Amino Acid —C═N— —C—O— Glycine 1601 1272 Phenylalanine1596 1265 Arginine 1601 1271 Cysteine 1603 1272

Surprisingly and unexpectedly, a cyclic crown-like (FIG. 3) complex isobtained when a divalent or a polyvalent metal derivative of an aminoacid is used (Structure B and C, respectively, FIG. 2). In terms of thereaction speeds, the reaction of a (hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone and anamino acid or a metal complex of an amino acid is in the followingorder.

Divalent or polyvalent metal complex of amino acid >monovalent metalcomplex of amino acid >amino acid.

This reaction can be monitored by ir spectroscopy. For example, thereaction of copper glycinate with Resacetophenone in hydro-alcoholicmedium results in the formation ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine copper complex (“complex”),as in FIG. 7, Structure C. It is very likely solvated with alcohol atthis state. The blue color of copper glycinate is replaced by bluishgreen color, followed by the precipitation of the complex as green tobluish green solid in this reaction. The ir bands of —CO—CH3 group ofResacetophenone at 1625 cm-1 is shifted downfield to 1606 cm-1 for theimine, —C═N—, group in the complex, and —COOH group of copper glycinateat 1612 cm-1 is shifted downfield to 1570 cm-1 in the complex. Also, anew band appears at 1525 cm-1 (—C═C—, aromatic) in the complex (1593cm-1 in resacetophenone). Raman et al. have also noted a similardownfield shift of ir band of imine group, —C═N—, when complexed with ametal ion. The Cu—O—C— band present in copper glycinate at 1139 cm-1 isshifted to 1136 cm-1 in the complex. The preparation of this compound inwater, in the absence of ethanol, provides its non-solvated form (seeExample 3). The reaction with Phloridzin or Phloretin proceeds in asimilar manner (FIG. 7, Structure D). Also, the plant extracts thatcontain hydroxyaryl alkyl ketones, for example, peony extract, whichcontains Paeonol; Primula extract, which contains Resacetophenone;licorice extract (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), which contains isoliquiritigenin;and Apple root extract, which contains Phloridzin; can also be used inthis reaction.

Principal ir bands in some of theN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine metal complexes are tabulatedin Table 2.

TABLE 2 Ir Spectral Data of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycineMetal Complexes. Metal —C═N−>M —C—O—M —C—O (Phenolic) Cu 1605 1240, 8601386 Zn 1624 1252, 844 1370 Mn 1599 1280, 908 1330 Cr 1603 1268, 8041374 Fe 1605 1279, 771 1381

The ir data in Table 1 are in conformance to data reported by Crespi etal. [Quimica Nova, vol. 22, 41 (1999)] and Brezina et al. [ActaUniversitat Palackianae Olomucensis, Chemica 37, 1 (1998)].

[FIG. 7].

The reaction of (hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone with a divalent or polyvalentmetal complex of amino acid is almost instantaneous. This may be due tovery high structural stability that is obtained from the cyclized,crown-like complex (“Crown Complex”) compared to the corresponding openchain structure. In a surprising and unexpected discovery, it has nowbeen found that the reaction of a monovalent metal complex of anN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid with a metal donor of a divalentor a polyvalent metal atom leads to a spontaneous formation of “CrownComplex”, possibly via an intermediate reaction state (Route A, FIG. 8).

Additionally, via a yet another novel route, these “Crown Complexes” canalso be made by the reaction of a divalent or polyvalent metal complexof a (hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone with an amino acid, for example, for thereaction of resacetophenone copper complex with glycine to formN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine copper complex (Route B, FIG.8). The complexes of the present invention can also be made by thereaction of a metal derivative of a hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone with anamino acid. This reaction can also be done in situ by the addition of ametal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate to a mixture of said hydroxyarylalkyl ketone in water or a hydroxylic solvent, followed by the additionof an amino acid and subsequent heating with mixing.

[FIG. 8].

Regardless of the chemical accuracy of the chemical name or chemical“Crown Complex” structure stated in the present invention for these verycomplicated molecules the utility of the present invention or of thesenovel molecules is not diminished in any manner. It is to be stated thatthe complexes of the present invention are in no way related to thecyclic polyether crown complexes.

The divalent or polyvalent metal donor of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,Zn, Se, and Mo can be selected from a large number of compounds, forexample, copper donors include copper chloride, copper sulfate, coppernitrate, copper acetate, copper glycinate, copper histidinate, copperamino acid chelate, copper peptide, copper gluconate, copperketoglutarate, copper arginate, copper ascorbate, copper aspartate,copper caprylate, copper citrate, copper cysteinate, copper fumarate,copper glutamate, copper glycerophosphate, copper lactate, copperlysinate, copper malate, copper methionate, copper niacinate, copperpicolinate, copper proteinate, copper pyruvate, copper salicylate,copper succinate, copper tartrate, copper yeast complex, andcombinations thereof. Zinc donor include zinc chloride zinc sulfate,zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc glycinate, zinc histidinate, zinc aminoacid chelate, zinc peptide, zinc gluconate, zinc ketoglutarate, zincarginate, zinc ascorbate, zinc aspartate, zinc caprylate, zinc citrate,zinc cysteinate, zinc fumarate, zinc glutamate, zinc glycerophosphate,zinc lactate, zinc lysinate, zinc malate, zinc methionate, zincniacinate, zinc picolinate, zinc proteinate, zinc pyruvate, zincsalicylate, zinc succinate, zinc tartrate, zinc yeast complex, andcombinations thereof. Manganese donors include manganese chloridemanganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, manganeseglycinate, manganese histidinate, manganese amino acid chelate,manganese peptide, manganese gluconate, manganese ketoglutarate,manganese arginate, manganese ascorbate, manganese aspartate, manganesecaprylate, manganese citrate, manganese cysteinate, manganese fumarate,manganese glutamate, manganese glycerophosphate, manganese lactate,manganese lysinate, manganese malate, manganese methionate, manganeseniacinate, manganese picolinate, manganese proteinate, manganesepyruvate, manganese salicylate, manganese succinate, manganese tartrate,manganese yeast complex, and combinations thereof. These metal donors ofamino acids can also be made in situ by the reaction of an amino acidwith a metal hydroxide, metal carbonate, metal oxide, metal salt, ormetal chelate.

The process for the metal complex of an N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]aminoacid, having general chemical structure in FIG. 2, comprises (i) themixing at 50 to 120 C of (ii) a hydroxyaryl alkyl ketone and, (iii) ametal derivative of an amino acid, and (iv) a solubilizing agent. Thehydroxyaryl alkyl ketone is selected from 2-hydroxyacetophenone,3-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 2,3-dihydroxyacetophenone,2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone,2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone,3,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone,2,3,4-trihydroxyacetophenone, 2,3,5-trihydroxyacetophenone,2,3,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, 2,4,5-trihydroxyacetophenone,3,4,5-trihydroxyacetophenone, Resacetophenone, 2-Acetyl resorcinol,4-Acetyl resorcinol, 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone, acetyl quinol,Phloridzin, Phloretin, Quinacetophenone,1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanone,1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, Paeonol, 2-hydroxypropiophenone,3-hydroxypropiophenone, 4-hydroxypropiophenone,2,3-dihydroxypropiophenone, 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone,2,5-dihydroxypropiophenone, 2,6-dihydroxypropiophenone,3,4-dihydroxypropiophenone, 3,5-dihydroxypropiophenone,2,4,6-trihydroxypropiophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxypropiophenone,2,3,5-trihydroxypropiophenone, 2,3,6-trihydroxypropiophenone,2,4,5-trihydroxypropiophenone, and 3,4,5-trihydroxypropiophenone. Also,the plant extracts that contain hydroxyaryl alkyl ketones, for example,peony extract, Primula extract, and Apple root extract, can also be usedin this process. The metal derivative of an amino acid is selected fromSodium, or potassium, or lithium, or calcium, or magnesium, or iron, orcopper, or zinc, or manganese, or chromium, or cobalt, or selenium, orvanadium, or molybdenum complexed with glycine, or alanine, orbeta-alanine, or valine, or leucine, or isoleucine, or phenylalanine, oralpha-amino butyric acid, or C-phenylglycine, or C-hydroxyphenylglycine,or proline, or tryptophane, or lysine, or ornithine, or arginine, orhistidine, or citrulline, or glutamic acid, or aspartic acid, or serine,or threonine, or hydroxyproline, or tyrosine, or dihydroxytyrosine, orcysteine, or cystine, or methionine, or homocysteine, or lanthionine, or5-amino levulinic acid, or a substituted amino acid. The solubilizingagent is selected from water, ethanol, glycerin, ethylene glycol,propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, pyrrolidone,N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, polyethyleneglycol, polypropylene glycol, methylpropanediol, Triethyl citrate, andsuch.

Also, the reaction of (hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone with a divalent orpolyvalent metal complex of amino acid can be performed in a single stepvia a novel in-situ process. In the preparation of a skin lotion orcream composition, for example, all other ingredients of the saidcomposition can be mixed and processed and the (hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketoneand a divalent or polyvalent metal complex of amino acid can then beadded to the composition. Wherein the corresponding “Crown Complex” isspontaneously formed in-situ. The addition or mixing order of variousingredients can be in any order or sequence. Additionally,(hydroxyaryl)alkyl ketone can first be reacted with the monovalent metalsalt of an amino acid to form the open chain structure (Structure A,FIG. 2), which than can be transformed into the corresponding “CrownComplex” (Structure B, FIG. 2) via its reaction with a divalent orpolyvalent metal donor. These multi-step reaction sequences can beperformed in a single step via the in-situ process of the presentinvention.

The hydroxyaryl ketones used in the present invention can be fromvarious sources, such as from chemical synthesis or from natural originsuch as plants, various plant parts (leaf, root, flower, bark, seed, etcetera). Hydroxyaryl alkyl ketones are well known from the plantsources, for example, Primula obconica was introduced to Europe fromHubei, China in 1880, and has been cultivated worldwide as one ofpopular ornamental plants. Primula obconica extract has been shown tocontain acetyl hydroquinone and methyl acetyl hydroquinone [Nan et al.,Z. Naturforsch., 58, 57-61 (2003)]. Peony root bark (PaeoniaSuffruticosa Radix) contains high levels of Paeonol (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone). Apple root contains Phloridzin and Phloretin. Theextracts, both in crude form or in highly refined form, are suitable forapplications of the present invention. The chemical names of “CrownComplexes” from such botanical extracts can be simplified, for example,for INCI (International Nomenclature for cosmetic Ingredients) listings.The “Crown Complex” from Phloridzin and copper glycinate, for example,can be identified as Phloridzin Glycine Copper Complex. The “CrownComplex” from Apple root extracts and copper glycinate can be identifiedas Pyrus Alba (Apple Root) Glycine Copper Complex. The “Crown Complex”from Peony root extract can be identified as Paeonia SuffruticosaGlycine Copper Complex. The “Crown Complex” from Primula extract can beidentified as Primula Obconica Glycine Copper Complex.

The present invention also discloses a method for topical application ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids and metal complexes thereof,either in combination or alone, having general chemical structure inFIG. 1 and FIG. 2, respectively, and wherein (i) a hydroxyaryl alkylketone, and (ii) an amino acid, or a metal derivative thereof, and (iii)water are mixed at 50 to 95 C to form saidN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid, or metal complex thereof,respectively, and (iv) the topical application of saidN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid or metal complex thereof. Thismethod can include a composition, or a base or a carrier. This methodprovides a number of topical benefits, which includes skin whitening,skin wrinkles reduction, acne control, facial oil control, hair lossmodulation, and hair graying reduction.

Organic copper complexes have found applications in medical field.Daniel et al., Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 7, 1139 (2004) reportproteasome-inhibiting benefits of 8-hydroxyquinoline copper (II). Meareset al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,667) disclose polyamine complexes of copperuseful for serum diagnostic applications. About 30 elements arerecognized as essential to life. Trace metals, in general, are requiredfor body functions. Some are required in macroscopic amounts inessentially all forms of life: H, Na, K, Mg, Ca, C, N, O, P, S, and Cl.The others occur in trace or ultratrace quantities. Fe, Cu, and Zn areat the top end of this “trace” scale. The other elements required areLi, B, F, Si, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, W, and I. The trace andultratrace metals most important for human cellular functions are Fe,Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, V, and Se. In human body there are about 4 to 6grams of iron, 2 to 3 grams of zinc, and only 250 mg of copper. Cobaltis found in Vitamin B12. There is one cobalt atom in this vitamin; thelatter is present in only 2 to 5 mg quantity in the human body.

The present invention relates to certain Schiff's bases of natural aminoacids, N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, having general chemicalstructure in FIG. 1 for topical application. The present invention alsorelates to certain trace metal complex of such Schiff's bases, whichhave a crown-like appearance in their three-dimensional chemicalstructure, as shown in FIG. 2. The Schiff's bases and their trace metalcomplexes of the present invention, surprisingly and unexpectedly, areuseful for the modulation of metal-activated enzymes and metalloenzymes,specifically Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, Tyrosine Transaminase,Phenylalanine Transaminase, Tyrosinase, MMP (Matrix metalloproteases),and Superoxide dismutase. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, thecompositions of the present invention are further suitable for topicalmethods for skin whitening, skin wrinkles reduction, skin antiaging,acne control, hair loss prevention, and hair graying control.

Inhibition of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase and Phenylalanine Transaminase.

The biosynthetic pathways from shikimic acid leading to the formation ofmelanin are summarized in FIG. 9 that will be used as a reference forsubsequent discussions.

[FIG. 9].

Phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for the first step in theconversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine. Tyrosine is required for theproduction of melanin, which gives color to hair and skin. Phenylalaninehydroxylase must work in combination with tetrahydrobiopterin to performthis function. Phenylalanine hydroxylase contains iron in its activesite, and tetrahydrobiopterin is required in proximity to this activesite, as shown in FIG. 10.

[FIG. 10].

It is both surprising and unexpected thatN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the present invention inhibitphenylalanine hydroxylase. Although the mechanism of this inhibition isnot fully clear at this time, it is theorized that the chelation of ironmetal at the active site of Phenylalanine hydroxylase (Reaction Step 8,FIG. 9) by N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids could be the cause ofthis effect. The structure of proposed iron metal binding chelate isshown in FIG. 11.

[FIG. 11].

It is also possible that N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids may beacting as competitive substrates for phenyl pyruvate for phenylalaninebiosynthesis[Reaction Step 4, FIG. 9], thus inhibiting the synthesis ofphenylalanine. The structural similarity of phenyl pyruvate, in itsenolic form (Structure F), with N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids(Structure E) is shown in FIG. 12. Irrespective of the actual mechanism,the discovery that N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the presentinvention inhibit the synthesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine or itsprecursor is unprecedented in the prior art.

[FIG. 12].

Inhibition of Tyrosine Transaminase and Monophenol Monooxygenase(Tyrosinase).

The inhibition of melanin synthesis can also be achieved via theinhibition of tyrosine transaminase (inhibition of amination ofhydroxyphenyl Pyruvate or phenyl Pyruvate (Step [7] and/or [4], FIG. 9),which leads to eventual inhibition of tyrosine biosynthesis. The melaninsynthesis can also be blocked by the inhibition of monophenolmonooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1), which converts tyrosine into dopaquinonevia the intermediacy of dopa (FIG. 13). In a surprising and unexpecteddiscovery, the N-[(hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino acids and their zincor manganese complexes of the present invention inhibit both tyrosinetransaminase and monophenol monooxygenase (biochemical steps in FIG.13). The precise mechanism of this inhibition is not known at this time,but it is hypothesized that the N-[(hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino acidsand their Zn and Mn complexes of the present invention act ascompetitive substrates for the enzymes themselves or theenzyme-substrate bound states. The Zn and Mn complexes ofN-[(hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino acids may also be acting asinhibitors via the replacement of Cu or Fe in the active-site ofmonophenol monooxygenase. Also, N-[(hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino acidsmay be complexing with the Cu—Cu active site of tyrosinase, thusdeactivating that enzyme. Regardless of the actual biochemical mechanismthe importance of this invention remains unexpected and novel.

[FIG. 13].

Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP).

Matrix metalloproteases (MMP) are naturally-occurring enzymes found inmost mammals and are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that performextracellular tissue reorganization (matrix reorganization). One majorbiological function of the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) is to catalyzethe breakdown of connective tissue or extracellular matrix by virtue oftheir ability to hydrolyze various components of the tissue or matrix.Examples of the components that may be hydrolyzed by an MMP includecollagens (for example, Collagenases type I, II, III, or IV), gelatins(for example, Gelatinases), proteoglycans, and fibronectins. Apart fromtheir role in degrading connective tissue, MMPs are also involved in theactivation of the zymogen (pro) forms of other MMPs thereby inducing MMPactivation (proenzyme activation). They are also involved in thebiosynthesis of TNF-alpha which is implicated in many pathologicalconditions and can cause or contribute to the effects of inflammation,rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, COPD, autoimmune disease, multiplesclerosis, graft rejection, fibrotic disease, cancer, infectiousdiseases, malaria, mycobacterial infection, meningitis, fever,psoriasis, cardiovascular/pulmonary effects (e.g., post-ischemicreperfusion injury), congestive heart failure, hemorrhage, coagulation,hyperoxic alveolar injury, radiation damage, cachexia, anorexia, andacute phase responses like those seen with infections and sepsis andduring shock (e.g., septic shock and hemodynamic shock).

Over 30 MMPs have been characterized so far in humans and several majorgroups have been determined based on substrate specificity, some ofwhich are described below, and are believed applicable to the presentinvention.

MMP-1 (also known as collagenase 1, or fibroblast collagenase). Thesubstrates of MMP-1 include collagen I, collagen II, collagen III,gelatin, and proteoglycans. Over-expression of this enzyme is believedto be associated with emphysema, with hyperkeratosis andatherosclerosis, over-expressed alone in papillary carcinoma.

MMP-2 (also known as gelatinase A, basement membrane collagenase, orproteoglycanase). The substrates of MMP-2 include collagen I, collagenII, collagen IV, collagen V, collagen VII, collagen X, collagen XI,collagen XIV, elastin, fibronectin, gelatin, nidogen, believed to beassociated with tumor progression through specificity for type IVcollagen (high expression observed in solid tumors and believed to beassociated with their ability to grow, invade, develop new blood vesselsand metastasize) and to be involved in acute lung inflammation and inrespiratory distress syndrome.

MMP-3 (also known as stromelysin 1). The substrates of MMP-3 includecollagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, collagen IX, collagen X, laminin,nidogen, overexpression believed to be involved in atherosclerosis,aneurysm and restenosis.

MMP-7 (also known as matrilysin). The substrates of MMP-7 includecollagen IV, elastin, fibronectin, gelatin, laminin.

MMP-8 (also known as collagenase 2, or neutrophil collagenase). Thesubstrates of MMP-8 include collagen I, collagen II, collagen III,collagen V, collagen VII, collagen IX, gelatin over-expression of whichcan lead to non-healing chronic ulcers.

MMP-9 (also known as gelatinase B, or 92 kDa gelatinase). The substratesof MMP-9 include collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen V,collagen VII, collagen X, collagen XIV, elastin, fibronectin, gelatin,nidogen The above enzyme is believed to be associated with tumorprogression through specificity for type IV collagen, to be released byeosinophils in response to exogenous factors such as air pollutants,allergens and viruses, to be involved in the inflammatory response inasthma and to be involved in acute lung inflammation and respiratorydistress syndrome. The applicants believe that an inhibitor for thisenzyme would be effective in the treatment of chronic obstructivepulmonary disorder (COPD) and/or asthma.

MMP-10 (also known as stromelysin 2). The substrates of MMP-10 includecollagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, elastin, fibronectin, andgelatin.

MMP-11 (also known as stromelysin 3). The substrates of MMP-11 includeserine protease inhibitors (Serpins).

MMP-12 (also known as metalloelastase, human macrophage elastase, orHME). The substrates of MMP-12 include fibronectin, laminin, believed toplay a role in tumor growth inhibition and regulation of inflammationand to play a pathological role in emphysema and in atherosclerosis,aneurysm and restenosis. The applicants believe that an inhibitor forthis enzyme would be effective in the treatment of chronic obstructivepulmonary disorder (COPD) and/or asthma.

MMP-13 (also known as collagenase 3). The substrates of MMP-13 includecollagen I, collagen II, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen IX,collagen X, collagen XIV, fibronectin, and gelatin, recently identifiedas being over-expressed alone in breast carcinoma. The applicantsbelieve that an inhibitor for this enzyme would be effective in thetreatment of breast cancer and arthritis.

MMP-14 (also known as membrane MMP or MT1-MMP). The substrates of MMP-14include MMP-2, collagen I, collagen II, collagen III, fibronectin,gelatin, laminin.

MMP-15 (also known as MT2-MMP). The substrates of MMP-15 include MMP-2,collagen I, collagen II, collagen III, fibronectin, laminin nidogen.

MMP-16 (also known as MT3-MMP). The substrates of MMP-16 include MMP-2,collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin.

MMP-17 (also known as MT4-MMP), substrates fibrin (fibrinogen).

MMP-18 (also known as collagenase 4).

MMP-19 (also known as Rasi-1). The substrates of MMP-19 include MMP-9,gelatin, laminin-1, collagen IV, and fibronectin.

MMP-20 (also known as enamelysin), substrate amelogenin.

MMP-23 (also known as femalysin), substrate gelatin.

MMP-24 (also known as MT5-MMP). The substrates of MMP-24 include MMP-2,gelatin, fibronectin, chondroitin, and dermitin sulfate proteoglycans.

MMP-25 (also known as MT6-MMP). The substrates of MMP-25 include MMP-2,gelatin, collagen IV, and fibronectin.

MMP-26 (also known as matrilysin 2 or endometase). The substrates ofMMP-26 include denatured collagen, fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin.

MMP-28; also known as epilysin, substrates caesin.

Over-activation of a matrix metalloprotease (“MMP”), or an imbalancebetween an MMP and a natural (i.e., endogenous) tissue inhibitor of amatrix metalloprotease (“TIMP”), has been linked to the pathogenesis ofdiseases characterized by the breakdown of connective tissue orextracellular matrix. Examples of diseases characterized byover-expression and/or over-activation of an MMP include rheumatoidarthritis, asthma, COPD, osteoarthritis; osteoporosis; periodontitis;multiple sclerosis; gingivitis; corneal, epidermal, and gastriculceration; atherosclerosis; neointimal proliferation, which leads torestenosis and ischemic heart failure; stroke; renal disease; maculardegeneration; and tumor metastasis.

Further, some MMP-mediated diseases may involve over activity of onlyone MMP enzyme. This is supported by the recent discovery that MMP-13alone is over-expressed in breast carcinoma, while MMP-1 alone isover-expressed in papillary carcinoma.

Research has been carried out into the identification of inhibitors thatare selective, for example, for a few of the MMP subtypes. A MMPinhibitor of improved selectivity would avoid potential side effectsassociated with inhibition of MMPs that are not involved in thepathogenesis of the disease being treated. Further, use of moreselective MMP inhibitors would require administration of a lower amountof the inhibitor for treatment of disease than would otherwise berequired and, after administration, partitioned in vivo among multipleMMPs. Still further, the administration of a lower amount of compoundwould improve the margin of safety between the dose of the inhibitorrequired for therapeutic activity and the dose of the inhibitor at whichtoxicity is observed. Some of these approaches have been discussed byGupta (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 20060074108), who also disclosesMMP inhibitors based on certain Aryl alkyl ketones. Gupta also discussesprior art references that clearly show that the problem of selective MMPmodulation is not yet solved. In a surprising and unexpected discovery,N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids and their trace metal complexeshave now been found to selectively inhibit various MMP.

The precise mechanism by which the MMP of the present invention operateis not known. In one aspect, the present invention provides a compoundthat is a matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, and that (a) binds into atleast one or both of the Zinc binding sites of MMP to effect the spatialdistortion of such active-sites, and (b) exhibits selectivity for amatrix metalloprotease or group of matrix metalloproteases, and (c)detaches itself from the bound state with the zinc center of theactive-site of MMP after distorting its spatial configuration, and (d)repeats the cycle for effecting the spatial distortion of theactive-site of additional MMP. The spatial distortion of zincactive-site may be caused by the electron donating hydroxyl group ofhydroxyaryl moiety of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid. In anyevent, these results are both surprising and unexpected, irrespective ofthe actual mechanism of such MMP inhibitory effects elicited by thecompounds of the present invention.

ANTIOXIDANT AFFECT BY THE ACTIVATION OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD). Oneof the major roles played by trace elements in human biochemistry is inmetalloenzymes. This term is applied to enzymes that not only requirethe participation of a metal ion at the active site to function but bindthat metal ion or ions strongly even in the resting stage (F. A. Cottonand G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, JohnWiley, 1988). Known metalloenzymes now number several hundred. The roleof metal atoms in enzymatic catalysis is currently an active area ofresearch.

Metalloenzymes may be considered as a subclass of the metalloproteins.Metalloproteins are proteins that incorporate one or more metal atoms asa normal part of their structure. This includes not only metalloenzymesbut also respiratory proteins like hemoglobin and myoglobin, electrontransport proteins such as cytochromes and ferredoxins, and metalstorage proteins.

In many cases it is possible to remove the metal atoms and then restorethem or replace them by others without collapse of the overall proteinstructure. The protein from which the metal ions have been removed iscalled the apoprotein, the use of this term usually implying that theactive metalloprotein can be recovered on restoration of the metal ions.

In recent years it has become clear that transition metal such as Cu,Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, and Se are essential for normal development and functionof human cells. Copper is the third most abundant trace element in humanbody, with vitamin-like impact on living systems. Copper functions as acofactor in over 30 enzymes. The ability of copper to cycle betweenoxidized Cu2+ and a reduced Cu+ state is used by cuproenzymes involvedin redox reactions, the two most important examples being Cu/Znsuperoxide dismutase and cytochrome C oxidase. Cu/Zn Superoxidedismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme responsible for the destructionof toxic superoxide anion in human body that directly relates to theprocesses of skin aging and inflammation. The enhancement or incrementof SOD functions for antiaging and anticancer benefits is of currentscientific and consumer interest. Some of these aspects have recentlybeen disclosed by several authors in recently published text books, suchas Valentine et al. [(Advances in Protein Chemistry, vol. 60, pp.93-121, Academic Press, CA (2002)]; and Massaro [(Handbook of CopperPharmacology and Toxicology, Humana Press, NJ (2002)], which are quotedhere only for reference. It has also become clear that ATP, a majornucleotide present in human body, plays a major role in coppertransport, in the form of copper transporting ATPase enzyme, thatutilizes the energy of ATP-hydrolysis to transport copper from thecytosol through various cell membranes [Tsivkovskii et al. (J. Biol.Chem., 277, 976-983 (2002); Nakayama et al. (Oncology Reports, 8,1285-1287 (2001); Wunderli-Ye et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,280, 713-719 (2001)]. These disclosures point to possible importance ofnucleotide complexes of copper in the bioavailability and intra-cellulartransport of copper in humans. Despite the obviousness of this, themethods for the topical application or penetration of such nucleotidecomplexes of trace metals remain unknown in the prior art. Wijnhoven etal. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,605) disclose an interesting role of divalentmetals, such as copper, zinc, and manganese, in the complexation withDNA molecules that results in the bond distance increase of nucleic acidcomponents, resulting in the annealing of the DNA helix. A simpleoxidation-reduction step of such divalent metal ions can cause annealingor reannealing of such separated DNA strands. This indicates aprospective application of copper zinc, and manganese complexes ofnucleic acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides in cosmetic and biomedicalcontrol of the process of skin aging. The methods for the topicaldelivery or penetration of such essential trace metals by suchcomplexes, despite their obvious need, have been unknown in the priorart.

Of over 30 enzymes that require copper in their active site, superoxidedismutase is most important from the viewpoint of skin aging andinflammation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the enzymes that aremost directly linked to superoxide anion detoxification, and, as itsproduction slows down, the process of aging accelerates. Among otherbiologically important cuproenzymes, the formation of elastin andcollagen is a function of amine oxidase, which is another example of acopper-containing metalloenzyme. The skin pigmentation, or melaninformation, is a function of tyrosinase, which is a copper-basedmonooxygenase class of metalloenzyme. Ceruloplasmin, a copper-containingmetalloenzyme, has a role in the iron transport in human body. Dopaminehydroxylase, another copper-based metalloenzyme, is present in adrenalglands, and it converts dopamine to norepinephrine. SOD occurs in threedistinct forms in mammalian systems; (i) SOD containing copper and zinc(CuZnSOD, SOD1), which is usually located in the cytosol; (ii) SODcontaining manganese (MnSOD, SOD2), which is usually located inmitochondria (MnSOD); and (iii) Another SOD containing Cu and Zn(CuZnSOD, SOD3), which is found in extra-cellular spaces. Additionally,many bacterial SOD contain iron.

In mammalian systems, CuZnSOD (SOD1) catalyses the dismutation of thesuperoxide anion radical (O2-.), as shown in [FIG. 14].

[FIG. 14].

One product of this reaction, H₂O₂, is also a harmful substance.Hydrogen peroxide is detoxified by catalase, a heme iron metalloenzyme.The superoxide anion (O2-.) exhibits numerous physiological toxiceffects including endothelial cell damage, increased micro vascularpermeability, formation of chemotactic factors such as leukotrienes,recruitment of neurophils at the sites of inflammation, lipidperoxidation, and oxidation, release of cytokines, DNA single-stranddamage, and formation of peroxynitrite anion (ONO₂—.), a potentcytotoxic and pro-inflammatory molecule. Excess superoxide anion canalso lead to the formation of highly oxidizing species such as hydroxideand peroxide radicals. Superoxide radical anion, and the peroxynitriteanion formed in its reaction with NO, cause cell death from ischemictissue. Most of these physiological effects lead to skin aging andtissue degeneration [(Macarthur et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97,9753-9758 (2000)]. In this capacity, SOD acts as an antioxidantinhibiting aging and carcinogenesis.

In a surprising and unexpected discovery, Cu, Zn, and Mn complexes ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the present invention activateSOD. Although the exact biochemical mechanism is still unknown, it ispossible that N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids act as transportersof Cu, Zn, and Mn to the active site of SOD. Regardless of the actualmechanism, the activation of SOD by the trace metal complexes ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the present invention isunprecedented in the prior art.

Hair Loss and Hair Graying Prevention.

Hair and nail are rich in keratin. Keratin biosynthesis requires asource for sulfur, which is usually provided by cysteine, cystine, ormethionine. The bioavailability of these water-soluble amino acids ispoor from many topical applications that require a rinse step. Lowerproduction of keratin can lead to thinning and fragile hair.

The hair graying is caused by a loss of Tyrosinase activity, leading tolessened synthesis of melanin in hair.

It is also well known that MMP enzymes become more activated with aging.The over activation of MMP leads to increased inflammation at the hairbulb that causes hair loss. This has been documented in prior art, forexample, Jarrousse et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,477; Wang et al., U.S.patent application Ser. No. 20020037827; Dublanchet et al., U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 20040171543 and 2003017523; de Almeida et al.,Arch. Dermatol Res. 297,121 (2005); Jarrousse et al., Int. J. Dermatol.,40, 385 (2001); and Yamazaki et al., J. Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 4,312 (1999).

Also with aging, the use of harsh chemicals and bleaching agents, andfrequent hair combing the hair tends to develop split ends. The splitends in hair are caused by the breakage of disulfide bond in cystinemoiety of hair protein keratin.

In a surprising and unexpected discovery, theN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, in which amino acid is selectedfrom cysteine, cystine, or methionine, and their trace metal complexesderived from Cu, Zn, or Mn, for example [FIG. 15], have shown hair lossprevention, anti-graying of hair, and hair split end repair benefits.

[FIG. 15].

N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, in which amino acid is selectedfrom cysteine, cystine, or methionine, have now been found to stronglyinhibit several MMP, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-25in hair bulb, the aging-related up-regulation of all of which is knownto cause hair loss due to increased loss of connective tissue that holdshair bulb to scalp skin.

The copper complexes of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, in whichamino acid is selected from cysteine, cystine, or methionine, have nowbeen found to provide a dual benefit. These provide the activation ofTyrosinase, possibly by their donation of copper to Tyrosinaseactive-site, and the down-regulation of MMP. These biochemicalmechanisms then lead to both hair loss prevention and hair grayingprevention.

The copper complexes of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, in whichamino acid is selected from cysteine, cystine, or methionine, have nowbeen found to also repair split ends. This is very likely from thebinding of “crown complexes” with the —SH groups that have beengenerated by the splitting of —S—S— group of cystine, as illustrated in[FIG. 16] and [FIG. 17]. The role of metal atoms of “Crown Complexes” incrosslinking of —SH group of cysteine in hair is unprecedented.

[FIG. 16].

[FIG. 17].

It is thus unprecedented that a combination of several highly desirablebenefit for hair are obtained from the present surprising and unexpecteddiscovery of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, in which amino acidis selected from cysteine, cystine, or methionine.

Skin Brightening and Antiwrinkle—Antiaging Applications.

N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the present invention providean unexpected inhibition of MMP, tyrosinase, and tyrosine biosynthesisenzymes. The down-regulation of MMP leads to reduced degradation ofconnective issue such as collagen and fibrin. This results in increasedsuppleness of skin, leading to reduced visible skin winkles from aging.The decreased biosynthesis of tyrosine and dopa, and inhibition ofTyrosinase and tyrosine precursor enzymes leads to skin brighteningeffects, all of which are both surprising and unexpected when taken as agroup of such desirable benefits. In normal practice, such group ofdesirable benefits is usually achievable only from a combination ofseveral ingredients. It is thus unexpected and surprising that just oneingredient, such as an N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid, canprovide multiple desirable topical benefits. The exact biochemicalmechanism for these unexpected benefits is not yet known.

Facial Oil and Acne Control.

Acne is caused by, among other factors, excess facial oil production.This oil is broken down into lower molecular weight fatty acids bytopical bacteria and fungi. Those fatty acids cause inflammation. Thefacial oil is produced via de novo synthesis of fatty acids in sebaciousglands from acetyl coenzyme A via citrate lyase. Citrate lyase is knownto contain arginine residues at its active site (Ramakrishna et al.,Biochem. J., 195, 735 (1981). The blocking of this arginine residue alsocauses the inhibition of citrate lyase. It is also known that thedeactivation or suppression of “molybdenum cofactor” causes theactivation of citrate lyase. (Clark, FEMS Microbiol Lett., 55, 245(1990). Molybdopterin is one of such “Molybdenum cofactor” agents [FIG.18].

[FIG. 18].

Molybdenum-containing enzymes catalyze basic metabolic reactions in thenitrogen, sulfur, and carbon cycles. With the exception of thenitrogenase cofactor, molybdenum is incorporated into proteins as themolybdenum cofactor that contains a mononuclear molybdenum atomcoordinated to the sulfur atoms of a pterin derivative namedmolybdopterin. Certain microorganisms can also utilize tungsten in asimilar fashion. Molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes catalyze thetransfer of an oxygen atom, ultimately derived from or incorporated intowater, to or from a substrate in a two-electron redox reaction. On thebasis of sequence alignments and spectroscopic properties, four familiesof molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes have been identified. Theavailable crystallographic structures for members of these families arediscussed within the framework of the active site structure andcatalytic mechanisms of molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes. Althoughthe function of the molybdopterin ligand has not yet been conclusivelyestablished, interactions of this ligand with the coordinated metal aresensitive to the oxidation state, indicating that the molybdopterin maybe directly involved in the enzymatic mechanism [C. Kisker et al.,Annual Rev Biochemistry, 66, 233 (1997)]. Molybdenum cofactor is thecofactor for four human enzymes: xanthine dehydrogenase (xanthine: NAD⁺oxidoreductase), xanthine oxidase (a form of xanthine dehydrogenase),sulfite oxidase (sulfite dehydrogenase; sulfite: ferricytochrome coxidoreductase), and aldehyde oxidase (aldehyde: oxygen oxidoreductase).

It is possible that molybdenum binds with arginine in the active site ofcitrate lyase, which thus causes its inhibition. The removal ofmolybdenum by other agents can thus cause, at least theoretically, theactivation of citrate lyase. Conversely, the supply of molybdenum to theactive site can cause the deactivation of citrate lyase. In a surprisingan unexpected discovery, the molybdenum complexes ofN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids, especiallyN-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]arginine, causes the inhibition of citratelyase and also the inhibition of topical oil synthesis.N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acid molybdenum complexes are thususeful for anti-acne applications.

Zinc salts of certain polyhydroxy acids are well known for theiranti-acne benefits. For example, Dreno et al. [Eur. J. Dermatol. 15, 152(2005)] report zinc gluconate in controlling resistant variety ofPropionibacteriaum acnes (acne bacteria). Maynerdier [Eur. J. Dermatol.,10, 269 (2000)] reports efficacy of zinc gluconate in the treatment ofinflammatory acne. Stephan et al. [Ann. Dermatol. Verereol., 131, 455(2004)] report zinc salts in dermatology. Dutiel et al. [Ann. Dermatol.Venereol., 132, 219 (2005)] report photosensitization potential of zincgluconate for acne treatment. In a surprising and unexpected discovery,zinc complexes of N-[(Hydroxyaryl)alkylidene]amino acids of the presentinvention show superior anti-acne benefits over zinc gluconate.

The compositions of the present invention can be formulated in variouscosmetic and pharmaceutical consumer products utilizing a variety ofdelivery systems and carrier bases. Such consumer product forms includethe group consisting of shampoos, aftershaves, sunscreens, body and handlotions, skin creams, liquid soaps, bar soaps, bath oil bars, shavingcreams, conditioners, permanent waves, hair relaxers, hair bleaches,hair detangling lotion, styling gel, styling glazes, spray foams,styling creams, styling waxes, styling lotions, mousses, spray gels,pomades, shower gels, bubble baths, hair coloring preparations,conditioners, hair lighteners, coloring and non-coloring hair rinses,hair grooming aids, hair tonics, spritzes, styling waxes, band-aids, andbalms.

In another preferred aspect, the delivery system or a carrier base areselected in the form of a lotion, cream, gel, spray, thin liquid, bodysplash, powder, compressed powder, tooth paste, tooth powder, mouthspray, paste dentifrice, clear gel dentifrice, mask, serum, solidcosmetic stick, lip balm, shampoo, liquid soap, bar soap, bath oil,paste, salve, collodion, impregnated patch, impregnated strip, skinsurface implant, impregnated or coated diaper, and similar delivery orpackaging form.

In another preferred aspect, the delivery system can be human body orhair deodorizing solution, deodorizing powder, deodorizing gel,deodorizing spray, deodorizing stick, deodorizing roll-on, deodorizingpaste, deodorizing cream, deodorizing lotion, deodorizing aerosol, andother commonly marketed human body and hair deodorizing compositions,household deodorizing solution, deodorizing powder, deodorizing gel,deodorizing spray, carpet deodorizer, room deodorizer, and othercommonly marketed household deodorizing compositions, animals and petsdeodorizing solution, deodorizing powder, deodorizing gel, deodorizingspray, animals and pets carpet deodorizer, animals and pets roomdeodorizer, and other commonly marketed animal and pet deodorizingcompositions.

In another preferred aspect, the delivery system can be traditionalwater and oil emulsions, suspensions, colloids, microemulsions, clearsolutions, suspensions of nanoparticles, emulsions of nanoparticles, oranhydrous compositions.

Additional cosmetically or pharmaceutically beneficial ingredients canalso be included in the formulated compositions of the presentinvention, which can be selected from, but not limited to skincleansers, cationic, anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants,amphoteric surfactants, and zwitterionic surfactants, skin and hairconditioning agents, vitamins, hormones, minerals, plant extracts,anti-inflammatory agents, collagen and elastin synthesis boosters,UVA/UVB sunscreens, concentrates of plant extracts, emollients,moisturizers, skin protectants, humectants, silicones, skin soothingingredients, antimicrobial agents, antifungal agents, treatment of skininfections and lesions, blood microcirculation improvement, skin rednessreduction benefits, additional moisture absorbents, analgesics, skinpenetration enhancers, solubilizers, moisturizers, emollients,anesthetics, colorants, perfumes, preservatives, seeds, broken seed nutshells, silica, clays, beads, luffa particles, polyethylene balls, mica,pH adjusters, processing aids, and combinations thereof.

In another preferred aspect, the cosmetically acceptable compositionfurther comprises one or more excipient selected from the groupconsisting of water, saccharides, surface active agents, humectants,petrolatum, mineral oil, fatty alcohols, fatty ester emollients, waxesand silicone-containing waxes, silicone oil, silicone fluid, siliconesurfactants, volatile hydrocarbon oils, quaternary nitrogen compounds,amine functionalized silicones, conditioning polymers, rheologymodifiers, antioxidants, sunscreen active agents, di-long chain aminesfrom about C.sub.10 to C.sub.22, long chain fatty amines from aboutC.sub.10 to C.sub.22, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols anddi-tail phospholipids.

Representative saccharides include nonionic or cationic saccharides suchas agarose, amylopectins, amyloses, arabinans, arabinogalactans,arabinoxylans, carageenans, gum arabic, carboxymethyl guar gum,carboxymethyl(hydroxypropyl) guar gum, hydroxyethyl guar gum,carboxymethyl cellulose, cationic guar gum, cellulose ethers includingmethyl cellulose, chondroitin, chitins, chitosan, chitosan pyrrolidonecarboxylate, chitosan glycolate chitosan lactate, cocodimoniumhydroxypropyl oxyethyl cellulose, colominic acid ([poly-Nacetyl-neuraminic acid]), corn starch, curdlan, dermatin sulfate,dextrans, furcellarans, dextrans, cross-linked dextrans, dextrin,emulsan, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, flaxseed saccharide (acidic),galactoglucomannans, galactomainans, glucomannans, glycogens, guar gum,hydroxy ethyl starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethylcellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl starch,hydroxypropylated guar gums, gellan gum, gellan, gum ghatti, gum karaya,gum tragancanth (tragacanthin), heparin, hyaluronic acid, inulin,keratin sulfate, konjac mannan, modified starches, laminarans,laurdimonium hydroxypropyl oxyethyl cellulose, okra gum, oxidizedstarch, pectic acids, pectin, polydextrose, polyquaternium-4,polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-28, potato starch, protopectins,psyllium seed gum, pullulan, sodium hyaluronate, starchdiethylaminoethyl ether, steardimonium hydroxyethyl cellulose,raffinose, rhamsan, tapioca starch, whelan, levan, scleroglucan, sodiumalginate, stachylose, succinoglycan, wheat starch, xanthan gum, xylans,xyloglucans, and mixtures thereof. Microbial saccharides can be found inKirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition, Vol.16, John Wiley and Sons, NY pp. 578-611 (1994), which is incorporatedentirely by reference. Complex carbohydrates found in Kirk-OthmerEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition, Vol. 4, John Wileyand Sons, NY pp. 930-948, 1995 which is herein incorporated byreference.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includesurface-active agents. Surface-active agents include surfactants, whichtypically provide detersive functionality to a formulation or act simplyas wetting agents. Surface-active agents can generally be categorized asanionic surface-active agents, cationic surface-active agents, nonionicsurface-active agents, amphoteric surface-active agents and zwitterionicsurface-active agents, and dispersion polymers.

Anionic surface-active agents useful herein include those disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,573,709, incorporated herein by reference. Examplesinclude alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. Specific examples of alkyl ethersulfates which may be used In this invention are sodium and ammoniumsalts of lauryl sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, coconut alkyl triethyleneglycol ether sulfate; tallow alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, andtallow alkyl hexaoxyethylene sulfate. Highly preferred alkyl ethersulfates are those comprising a mixture of individual compounds, saidmixture having an average alkyl chain length of from about 12 to about16 carbon atoms and an average degree of ethoxylation of from about 1 toabout 6 moles of ethylene oxide.

Another suitable class of anionic surface-active agents is the alkylsulfuric acid salts. Important examples are the salts of an organicsulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon of the methane series,including iso-, neo-, and n-paraffins, having about 8 to about 24 carbonatoms, preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms and a sulfonatingagent, for example, sulfur trioxide or oleum, obtained according toknown sulfonation methods, including bleaching and hydrolysis. Preferredare alkali metals and ammonium sulfated C.sub.12-38 n-paraffins.

Additional synthetic anionic surface-active agents include the olefinsulfonates, the beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates, and the reactionproducts of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralizedwith sodium hydroxide, as well as succinamates. Specific examples ofsuccinamates include disodium N-octadecyl sulfosuccinamate; tetrasodiumN-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diamyl ester ofsodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid;dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.

Preferred anionic surface-active agents for use in the cosmeticallyacceptable composition of this invention include ammonium laurylsulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate,triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate,monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate,diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate,sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroylsarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoylsulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroylsulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodiumtridecyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

Amphoteric surface-active agents which may be used in the cosmeticallyacceptable composition of this invention include derivatives ofaliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphaticsubstituent contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionicwater solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate,or phosphonate. Representative examples include sodium3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate,sodium lauryl sarcosinate, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared byreacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate as described in U.S. Pat.No. 2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids as described in U.S. Pat.No. 2,438,091, and the products sold under the trade name MIRANOL. asdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,528,378. Other sarcosinates and sarcosinatederivatives can be found in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, FifthEdition, 1988, page 42 incorporated herein by reference.

Quaternary ammonium compounds can also be used in the cosmeticallyacceptable composition of this invention as long as they are compatiblein the compositions of the invention, wherein the structure is providedin the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Fifth Edition, 1988, page 40.Cationic surface-active agents generally include, but are not limited tofatty quaternary ammonium compounds containing from about 8 to about 18carbon atoms. The anion of the quaternary ammonium compound can be acommon ion such as chloride, ethosulfate, methosulfate, acetate,bromide, lactate, nitrate, phosphate, or tosylate and mixtures thereof.The long chain alkyl groups can include additional or replaced carbon orhydrogen atoms or ether linkages. Other substitutions on the quaternarynitrogen can be hydrogen, hydrogen, benzyl or short chain alkyl orhydroxyalkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl orhydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or combinations thereof.

Examples of quaternary ammonium compounds include but are not limitedto: Behentrimonium chloride, Cocotrimonium chloride, Cethethyldimoniumbromide, Dibehenyldimonium chloride, Dihydrogenated tallow benzylmoniumchloride, disoyadimonium chloride, Ditallowedimonium chloride,Hydroxycetyl hydroxyethyl dimonium chloride, HydroxyethylBehenamidopropyl dimonium chloride, Hydroxyethyl Cetyldimonium chloride,Hydroxyethyl tallowedimonium chloride, myristalkonium chloride, PEG-2Oleamonium chloride, PEG-5 Stearmonium chloride, PEG-15 cocoylquaternium 4, PEG-2 stearalkonium 4, lauryltrimonium chloride;Quaternium-16; Quaternium-18, lauralkonium chloride, olealkmoniumchloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, Polyquaternium-5, Polyquaternium-6,Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-22,Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-47, cetyl trimoniumchloride, dilauryldimonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride,dicetyldimonium chloride, soyatrimonium chloride, stearyl octyl dimoniummethosulfate, and mixtures thereof. Other quaternary ammonium compoundsare listed in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, First Edition, onpages 41-42, incorporated herein by reference.

The cosmetically acceptable compositions may include long chain fattyamines from about C.sub.10 to C.sub.22 and their derivatives. Specificexamples include dipalmitylamine, lauramidopropyldimethylamine, andstearamidopropyl dimethylamine. The cosmetically acceptable compositionsof this invention may also include fatty alcohols (typically monohydricalcohols), ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and di-tail phospholipids, whichcan be used to stabilize emulsion or dispersion forms of thecosmetically acceptable compositions. They also provide a cosmeticallyacceptable viscosity. Selection of the fatty alcohol is not critical,although those alcohols characterized as having fatty chains of C.sub.10to C.sub.32, preferably C.sub.14 to C.sub.22, which are substantiallysaturated alkanols will generally be employed. Examples include stearylalcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, behenylalcohol, arachidic alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, and isocetyl alcohol.Cetyl alcohol is preferred and may be used alone or in combination withother fatty alcohols, preferably with stearyl alcohol. When used thefatty alcohol is preferably included in the formulations of thisinvention at a concentration within the range from about 1 to about 8weight percent, more preferably about 2 to about 6 weight percent. Thefatty alcohols may also be ethoxylated. Specific examples includecetereth-20, steareth-20, steareth-21, and mixtures thereof.Phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine, andmixtures thereof may also be included. When used, the fatty alcoholcomponent is included in the formulations at a concentration of about 1to about 10 weight percent, more preferably about 2 to about 7 weightpercent.

Nonionic surface-active agents, which can be used in the cosmeticallyacceptable composition of the present invention, include those broadlydefined as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxidegroups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound,which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. Examples ofpreferred classes of nonionic surface-active agents are: the long chainalkanolamides; the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols; thecondensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from about 8 to about18 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched chainconfiguration, with ethylene oxide; the long chain tertiary amineoxides; the long chain tertiary phosphine oxides; the long chain dialkylsulfoxides containing one short chain alkyl or hydroxy alkyl radical offrom about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and the alkyl polysaccharide (APS)surfactants such as the alkyl polyglycosides; the polyethylene glycol(PEG) glyceryl fatty esters.

Zwitterionic surface-active agents such as betaines can also be usefulin the cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention. Examplesof betaines useful herein include the high alkyl betaines, such as cocodimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocobetaine,lauryl amidopropyl betaine, oleyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethylbetaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethylbetaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyldimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, and laurylbis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine. The sulfobetaines maybe represented by coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethylsulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, laurylbis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine and the like; amidobetaines andamidosulfobetaines, wherein the RCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.3 radical isattached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine are also useful in thisinvention.

The anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionicsurface-active agents used in the cosmetically acceptable composition ofthis invention are typically used in an amount from about 0.1 to 50percent by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 40 percent byweight, more preferably from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includehumectants, which act as hygroscopic agents, increasing the amount ofwater absorbed, held and retained. Suitable humectants for theformulations of this invention include but are not limited to: acetamideMEA, ammonium lactate, chitosan and its derivatives, colloidal oatmeal,galactoarabinan, glucose glutamate, glerecyth-7, glygeryth-12,glycereth-26, glyceryth-31, glycerin, lactamide MEA, lactamide DEA,lactic acid, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, panthenol, propyleneglycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol,1,2,6-hexanetriol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, inositol, mannitol,PEG-5 pentaerythritol ether, polyglyceryl sorbitol, xylitol, sucrose,sodium hyaluronate, sodium PCA, and combinations thereof. Glycerin is aparticularly preferred humectant. The humectant is present in thecomposition at concentrations of from about 0.5 to about 40 percent byweight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 percent by weight and morepreferably from about 0.5 to about 12 percent by weight.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includepetrolatum or mineral oil components, which when selected will generallybe USP or NF grade. The petrolatum may be white or yellow. The viscosityor consistency grade of petrolatum is not narrowly critical. Petrolatumcan be partially replaced with mixtures of hydrocarbon materials, whichcan be formulated to resemble petrolatum in appearance and consistency.For example, mixtures of petrolatum or mineral oil with different waxesand the like may be combined. Preferred waxes include bayberry wax,candelilla wax, ceresin, jojoba butter, lanolin wax, montan wax,ozokerite, polyglyceryl-3-beeswax, polyglyceryl-6-pentastearate,microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, isoparaffin, vaseline solidparaffin, squalene, oligomer olefins, beeswax, synthetic candelilla wax,synthetic carnauba, synthetic beeswax and the like may be blendedtogether. Alkylmethyl siloxanes with varying degrees of substitution canbe used to increase water retained by the skin. Siloxanes such asstearyl dimethicone, known as 2503 Wax, C30-45 alkyl methicone, known asAMS-C30 wax, and stearoxytrimethylsilane (and) stearyl alcohol, known as580 Wax, each available from Dow Corning, Midland, Mich., USA.Additional alkyl and phenyl silicones may be employed to enhancemoisturizing properties. Resins such as dimethicone (and)trimethylsiloxysilicate or Cyclomethicone (and) Trimethylsiloxysilicatefluid, may be utilized to enhance film formation of skin care products.When used, the petrolatum, wax or hydrocarbon or oil component isincluded in the formulations at a concentration of about 1 to about 20weight percent, more preferably about 1 to about 12 weight percent. Whenused, the silicone resins can be included from about 0.1 to about 10.0weight percent.

Emollients are defined as agents that help maintain the soft, smooth,and pliable appearance of skin. Emollients function by their ability toremain on the skin surface or in the stratum corneum. The cosmeticallyacceptable composition of this invention may include fatty esteremollients, which are listed in the International Cosmetic IngredientDictionary, Eighth Edition, 2000, p. 1768 to 1773. Specific examples ofsuitable fatty esters for use in the formulation of this inventioninclude isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/caprictriglycerides, cetyl lactate, cetyl palmitate, hydrogenated castor oil,glyceryl esters, hydroxycetyl isostearate, hydroxy cetyl phosphate,isopropyl isostearate, isostearyl isostearate, diisopropyl sebacate,PPG-5-Ceteth-20, 2-ethylhexyl isononoate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate,C.sub.12 to C.sub.16 fatty alcohol lactate, isopropyl lanolate,2-ethyl-hexyl salicylate, and mixtures thereof. The presently preferredfatty esters are isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,PPG-5-Ceteth-20, and caprylic/capric triglycerides. When used the fattyester emollient is preferably included in the formulations of thisinvention at a concentration of about 1 to about 8 weight percent, morepreferably about 2 to about 5 weight percent.

The compositions of this invention may also include silicone compounds.Preferably, the viscosity of the silicone component is from about 0.5 toabout 12,500 cps. Examples of suitable materials aredimethylpolysiloxane, diethylpolysiloxane,dimethylpolysiloxane-diphenylpolysiloxane, cyclomethicone,trimethylpolysiloxane, diphenylpolysiloxane, and mixtures thereof.Dimethicone, a dimethylpolysiloxane end blocked with trimethyl units, isone preferred example. Dimethicone having a viscosity between 50 and1,000 cps is particularly preferred. When used, the silicone oils arepreferably included in the formulations of this invention at aconcentration of 0.1 to 5 weight percent, more preferably 1 to 2 weightpercent.

The cosmetically acceptable compositions of this invention may includevolatile and non-volatile silicone oils or fluids. The siliconecompounds can be either linear or cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes with aviscosity from about 0.5 to about 100 centistokes. The most preferredlinear polydimethylsiloxane compounds have a range from about 0.5 toabout 50 centistokes. One example of a linear, low molecular weight,volatile polydimethylsiloxane is octamethyltrisiloxane-200 fluid havinga viscosity of about 1 centistoke. When used, the silicone oils arepreferably included in the formulations of this invention at aconcentration of 0.1 to 30 weight percent, more preferably 1 to 20weight percent.

The cosmetically acceptable compositions of this invention may includevolatile, cyclic, low molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes(cyclomethicones). The preferred cyclic volatile siloxanes can bepolydimethyl cyclosiloxanes having an average repeat unit of 4 to 6, anda viscosity from about 2.0 to about 7.0 centistokes, and mixturesthereof. Preferred cyclomethicones are available from Dow Corning,Midland, Mich., and from General Electric, Waterford, N.Y., USA. Whenused, the silicone oils are preferably included in the formulations ofthis invention at a concentration of 0.1 to 30 weight percent, morepreferably 1 to 20 weight percent.

Silicone surfactants or emulsifiers with polyoxyethylene orpolyoxypropylene side chains may also be used in compositions of thecurrent invention. Preferred examples include dimethicone copolyols and5225C Formulation Aids, available from Dow Corning, Midland, Mich., USAand Silicone SF-1528, available from General Electric, Waterford, N.Y.,USA. The side chains may also include alkyl groups such as lauryl orcetyl. Preferred are lauryl methicone copolyol. 5200 Formulation Aid,and cetyl dimethicone copolyol, known as Abil EM-90, available fromGoldschmidt Chemical Corporation, Hopewell, Va. Also preferred is lauryldimethicone, known as Belsil LDM 3107 VP, available from Wacker-Chemie,Munchen, Germany. When used, the silicone surfactants are preferablyincluded in the formulations of this invention at a concentration of 0.1to 30 weight percent, more preferably 1 to 15 weight percent. Aminefunctional silicones and emulsions may be utilized in the presentinvention. Preferred examples include Dow Corning 8220, Dow Corning 939,Dow Corning 949, Dow Corning 2-8194, all available from Dow Corning,Midland, Mich., USA. Also preferred is Silicone SM 253 available fromGeneral Electric, Waterford, N.Y., USA. When used, the amine functionalsilicones are preferably included in the formulations of this inventionat a concentration of 0.1 to 5 weight percent, more preferably 0.1 to2.0 weight percent.

The cosmetically acceptable compositions of this invention may includevolatile hydrocarbon oils. The volatile hydrocarbon comprises from aboutC.sub.6 to C.sub.22 atoms. A preferred volatile hydrocarbon is analiphatic hydrocarbon having a chain length from about C.sub.6 toC.sub.16 carbon atoms. An example of such compound includesisohexadecane, under the trade name Permethyl 101A, available fromPresperse, South Plainfield, N.J., USA. Another example of a preferredvolatile hydrocarbon is C.sub.12 to C.sub.14 isoparaffin, under thetrade name Isopar M, available from Exxon, Baytown, Tex., USA. Whenused, the volatile hydrocarbons are preferably included in theformulations of this invention at a concentration of 0.1 to 30 weightpercent, more preferably 1 to 20 weight percent.

The cosmetically acceptable compositions of this invention may includecationic and ampholytic conditioning polymers. Examples of such include,but are not limited to those listed by the International CosmeticIngredient Dictionary published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and FragranceAssociation (CTFA), 1101 17 Street, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C.20036. General examples include quaternary derivatives of celluloseethers, quaternary derivatives of guar, homopolymers and copolymers ofDADMAC, homopolymers and copolymers of MAPTAC and quaternary derivativesof starches. Specific examples, using the CTFA designation, include, butare not limited to Polyquaternium-10, Guar hydroxypropyltrimoniumchloride, Starch hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, Polyquaternium-4,Polyquaternium-5, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-14,Polyquaternium-15, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-24,Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-33,Polyquaternium-36, Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-39,Polyquaternium-45, Polyquaternium-47 andpolymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, and mixtures thereof. Whenused, the conditioning polymers are preferably included in thecosmetically acceptable composition of this invention at a concentrationof from 0.1 to 10 weight percent, preferably from 0.2 to 6 weightpercent and most preferably from 0.2 to 5 weight percent.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includeone or more rheological modifiers. The rheological modifiers that can beused in this invention include high molecular weight crosslinkedhomopolymers of acrylic acid, and Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl AcrylateCrosspolymer, such as the Carbopol and Pemulen series, both availablefrom B. F. Goodrich, Akron, Ohio, USA; anionic acrylate polymers such asSalcare and cationic acrylate polymers such as Salcare SC96, availablefrom Ciba Specialties, High Point, N.C., USA; Acrylamidopropyltrimoniumchloride/acrylamide; Hydroxyethyl methacrylates polymers, Steareth-10Allyl Ether/Acrylate Copolymer; Acrylates/Beheneth-25 MetacrylateCopolymer, known as Aculyn, available from International Specialties,Wayne, N.J., USA; Glyceryl Polymethacrylate, Acrylates/Steareth-20Methacrylate Copolymer; bentonite; gums such as alginates, carageenans,gum acacia, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, guargum; guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, xanthan gum or gellan gum;cellulose derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxyethyl cellulose,hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, sulfatedcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose,hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose; agar; pectin;gelatin; starch and its derivatives; chitosan and its derivatives suchas hydroxyethyl chitosan; polyvinyl alcohol, PVM/MA copolymer, PVM/MAdecadiene crosspolymer, poly(ethylene oxide) based thickeners, sodiumcarbomer, and mixtures thereof. When used, the rheology modifiers arepreferably included in the cosmetically acceptable composition of thisinvention at a concentration of from 0.01 to 12 weight percent,preferably from 0.05 to 10 weight percent and most preferably from 0.1to 6 weight percent.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includeone or more antioxidants, which include, but are not limited to ascorbicacid, BHT, BHA, erythorbic acid, bisulfite, thioglycolate, tocopherol,sodium metabisulfite, vitamin E acetate, and ascorbyl palmitate. Theanti oxidants will be present at from 0.01 to 20 weight percent,preferably 0.5 to 10 weight percent and most preferably from 1.0 to 5.0weight percent of the cosmetically acceptable composition.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includeone or more sunscreen active agents. Examples of sunscreen active agentsinclude, but are not limited to octyl methoxycinnamate (ethylhexylp-methoxycinnamate), octyl salicylate oxybenzone (benzophenone-3),benzophenone-4, menthyl anthranilate, dioxybenzone, aminobenzoic acid,amyl dimethyl PABA, diethanolamine p-methoxy cinnamate, ethyl4-bis(hydroxypropyl) aminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexy1-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, homomethyl salicylate, glycerylaminobenzoate, dihydroxyacetone, octyl dimethyl PABA,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, triethanolamine salicylate, zincoxide, and titanium oxide, and mixtures thereof. The amount of sunscreenused in the cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention willvary depending on the specific UV absorption wavelength(s) of thespecific sunscreen active(s) used and can be from 0.1 to 10 percent byweight, from 2 to 8 percent by weight.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includeone or more preservatives. Example of preservatives, which may be usedinclude, but are not limited to 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyano butane(Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile, known as MERGUARD. Nalco ChemicalCompany, Naperville, Ill., USA), benzyl alcohol, imidazolidinyl urea,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,3-imidazolidinedione (e.g., DMDMHydantoin, known as GLYDANT, Lonza, Fairlawn, N.J., USA.),methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (e.g., Kathon,Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa., USA), methyl paraben, propylparaben, phenoxyethanol, and sodium benzoate, and mixtures thereof.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may includeany other ingredient by normally used in cosmetics. Examples of suchingredients include, but are not limited to buffering agents, fragranceingredients, chelating agents, color additives or dyestuffs which canserve to color the composition itself or keratin, sequestering agents,softeners, foam synergistic agents, foam stabilizers, sun filters andpeptizing agents.

The surface of pigments, such titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, talc,calcium carbonate or kaolin, can be treated with the unsaturatedquaternary ammonium compounds described herein and then used in thecosmetically acceptable composition of this invention. The treatedpigments are then more effective as sunscreen actives and for use incolor cosmetics such as make up and mascara.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention can bepresented in various forms. Examples of such forms include, but are notlimited a solution, liquid, cream, emulsion, dispersion, gel, thickeninglotion.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention may containwater and also any cosmetically acceptable solvent. Examples ofacceptable solvents include, but are not limited to monoalcohols, suchas alkanols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (like ethanol, isopropanol,benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol) polyalcohols, such as alkyleneglycols (like glycerin, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol) and glycolethers, such as mono-, di- and tri-ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, forexample ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycolmonomethyl ether, used singly or in a mixture from 0.1 to 70 percent byweight, relative to the weight of the total composition.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention can also bepackaged as an aerosol, in which case it can be applied either in theform of an aerosol spray or in the form of an aerosol foam. As thepropellant gas for these aerosols, it is possible to use, in particular,dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, air andvolatile hydrocarbons, such as butane, isobutane, and propane.

The cosmetically acceptable composition of this invention also cancontain electrolytes, such as aluminum chlorohydrate, alkali metalsalts, e.g., sodium, potassium or lithium salts, these salts preferablybeing halides, such as the chloride or bromide, and the sulfate, orsalts with organic acids, such as the acetates or lactates, and alsoalkaline earth metal salts, preferably the carbonates, silicates,nitrates, acetates, gluconates, pantothenates and lactates of calcium,magnesium and strontium.

Compositions for treating skin include leave-on or rinse-off skin careproducts such as lotions, hand/body creams, shaving gels or shavingcreams, body washes, sunscreens, liquid soaps, deodorants,antiperspirants, suntan lotions, after sun gels, bubble baths, hand ormechanical dishwashing compositions, and the like. In addition to thepolymer, skin care compositions may include components conventionallyused in skin care formulations. Such components include for example; (a)humectants, (b) petrolatum or mineral oil, (c) fatty alcohols, (d) fattyester emollients, (e) silicone oils or fluids, and (f) preservatives.These components must in general be safe for application to the humanskin and must be compatible with the other components of theformulation. Selection of these components is generally within the skillof the art. The skin care compositions may also contain otherconventional additives employed in cosmetic skin care formulations. Suchadditives include aesthetic enhancers, fragrance oils, dyes andmedicaments such as menthol and the like.

The skin care compositions of this invention may be prepared asoil-in-water, water-in-oil emulsions, triple emulsions, or dispersions.

Preferred oil-in-water emulsions are prepared by first forming anaqueous mixture of the water-soluble components, e.g. unsaturatedquaternary ammonium compounds, humectants, water-soluble preservatives,followed by adding water-insoluble components. The water-insolublecomponents include the emulsifier, water-insoluble preservatives,petrolatum or mineral oil component, fatty alcohol component, fattyester emollient, and silicone oil component. The input of mixing energywill be high and will be maintained for a time sufficient to form awater-in-oil emulsion having a smooth appearance (indicating thepresence of relatively small micelles in the emulsion). Preferreddispersions are generally prepared by forming an aqueous mixture of thewater-soluble components, followed by addition of thickener withsuspension power for water-insoluble materials.

Compositions for treating hair include bath preparations such as bubblebaths, soaps, and oils, shampoos, conditioners, hair bleaches, haircoloring preparations, temporary and permanent hair colors, colorconditioners, hair lighteners, coloring and non-coloring hair rinses,hair tints, hair wave sets, permanent waves, curling, hairstraighteners, hair grooming aids, hair tonics, hair dressings andoxidative products. The dispersion polymers may also be utilized instyling type leave-in products such as gels, mousses, spritzes, stylingcreams, styling waxes, pomades, balms, and the like, either alone or incombination with other polymers or structuring agents in order toprovide control and hair manageability with a clean, natural, non-stickyfeel.

Hair care compositions of this invention give slippery feel and that canbe easily rinsed from the hair due to the presence of the dispersionpolymer, volatile silicones, other polymers, surfactants or othercompounds that may alter the deposition of materials upon the hair.

In the case of cleansing formulations such as a shampoo for washing thehair, or a liquid hand soap, or shower gel for washing the skin, thecompositions contain anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic oramphoteric surface-active agents typically in an amount from about 3 toabout 50 percent by weight, preferably from about 3 to about 20 percent,and their pH is general in the range from about 3 to about 10.

Preferred shampoos of this invention contain combinations of anionicsurfactants with zwitterionic surfactants and/or amphoteric surfactants.Especially preferred shampoos contain from about 0 to about 16 percentactive of alkyl sulfates, from 0 to about 50 weight percent ofethoxylated alkyl sulfates, and from 0 to about 50 weight percent ofoptional surface-active agents selected from the nonionic, amphoteric,and zwitterionic surface-active agents, with at least 5 weight percentof either alkyl sulfate, ethoxylated alkyl sulfate, or a mixturethereof, and a total surfactant level of from about 10 weight to about25 percent.

The shampoo for washing hair also can contain other conditioningadditives such as silicones and conditioning polymers typically used inshampoos. U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,709 provides a list of non-volatilesilicone conditioning agents that can be used in shampoos. Theconditioning polymers for use with the present invention are listed inthe Cosmetic, Toiletries and Fragrance Associations (CTFA) dictionary.Specific examples include the Polyquaterniums (example Polyquaternium-1to Polyquaternium-50), Guar Hydroxypropyl Trimonium Chloride, StarchHydroxypropyl Trimonium Chloride and Polymethacrylamidopropyl TrimoniumChloride.

Other preferred embodiments consist of use in the form of a rinsinglotion to be applied mainly before or after shampooing. These lotionstypically are aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solutions, emulsions,thickened lotions or gels. If the compositions are presented in the formof an emulsion, they can be nonionic, anionic or cationic. The nonionicemulsions consist mainly of a mixture of oil and/or a fatty alcohol witha polyoxyethyleneated alcohol, such as polyoxyethyleneated stearyl orcetyl/stearyl alcohol, and cationic surface-active agents can be addedto these compositions. The anionic emulsions are formed essentially fromsoap.

If the compositions are presented in the form of a thickened lotion or agel, they contain thickeners in the presence or absence of a solvent.The thickeners which can be used are especially resins, Carbopol-typeacrylic acid thickeners available from B.F. Goodrich; xanthan gums;sodium alginates; gum arabic; cellulose derivatives and poly-(ethyleneoxide) based thickeners, and it is also possible to achieve thickeningby means of a mixture of polyethylene glycol stearate or distearate orby means of a mixture of a phosphoric acid ester and an amide. Theconcentration of thickener is generally 0.05 to 15 percent by weight. Ifthe compositions are presented in the form of a styling lotion, shapinglotion, or setting lotion, they generally comprise, in aqueous,alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solution, the ampholyte polymers definedabove.

In the case of hair fixatives, the composition may also contain one ormore additional hair fixative polymers. When present, the additionalhair fixative polymers are present in a total amount of from about 0.25to about 10 percent by weight. The additional hair fixative resin can beselected from the following group as long as it is compatible with agiven dispersion polymer: acrylamide copolymer, acrylamide/sodiumacrylate copolymer, acrylate/ammonium methacrylate copolymer, anacrylate copolymer, an acrylic/acrylate copolymer, adipicacid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer, adipicacid/epoxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer, allyl stearate/VAcopolymer, aminoethylacrylate phosphate/acrylate copolymer, an ammoniumacrylate copolymer, an ammonium vinyl acetate/acrylate copolymer, an AMPacrylate/diacetoneacrylamide copolymer, an AMPDacrylate/diacetoneacrylamide copolymer, butyl ester of ethylene/maleicanhydride copolymer, butyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, calcium/sodiumPVM/MA copolymer, corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer,diethylene glycolamine/epichlorohydrin/piperazine-copolymer,dodecanedioic acid/cetearyl alcohol/glycol copolymer, ethyl ester ofPVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, karaya gum, amethacryloyl ethyl betaine/methacrylate copolymer, anoctylacrylamide/acrylate/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, anoctylacrylamide/acrylate copolymer, phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyldecanoate copolymer, a phthalic/trimellitic/glycol copolymer,polyacrylamide, polyacrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyethylacrylate, polyethylene, polyquaternium-1,polyquaternium-2, polyquaternium-4, polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-6,polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-8, polyquaternium-9, polyquaternium-10,polyquaternium-11, polyquaternium-12, polyquaternium-13,polyquaternium-14, polyquaternium-15, polyquaternium-39,polyquaternium-47, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylimidazolinium acetate, polyvinyl methyl ether, PVM/MA copolymer, PVP,PVP/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, PVP/eicosene copolymer,PVP/ethyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer, PVP/hexadecenecopolymer, PVP/VA copolymer, PVP/vinyl acetate/itaconic acid copolymer,shellac, sodium acrylates copolymer, sodium acrylates/Acrylnitrogenscopolymer, sodium acrylate/vinyl alcohol copolymer, sodium carrageenan,starch diethylaminoethyl ether, stearylvinyl ether/maleic anhydridecopolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate isobutyrate/butyl benzylphthalate copolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate isobutyrate/butylbenzyl phthalate/methyl methacrylate copolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucroseacetate isobutyrate copolymer, a vinyl acetate/crotonate copolymer,vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate/crotonicacid/methacryloxybenzophenone-1 copolymer, vinyl acetate/crotonicacid/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer, and mixtures thereof. Syntheticpolymers used for creating styling aids are described in “The History ofPolymers in Haircare,” Cosmetics and Toiletries, 103 (1988),incorporated herein by reference. Other synthetic polymers that may beused with the present invention can be referenced in the CTFADictionary, Fifth Edition, 2000, incorporated herein by reference.

The cosmetic compositions of this invention may be formulated in a widevariety of form, for non-limited example, including a solution, asuspension, an emulsion, a paste, an ointment, a gel, a cream, a lotion,a powder, a soap, a surfactant-containing cleanser, an oil, a powderfoundation, an emulsion foundation, a wax foundation and a spray. Indetail, the cosmetic composition of the present invention can beprovided in a form of skin softener (skin lotion), astringent lotion,nutrient emulsion (milk lotion), nutrient cream, message cream, essence,eye cream, cleansing cream, cleansing foam, cleansing water, facialpack, spray or powder.

The cosmetically acceptable carrier contained in the present cosmeticcomposition, may be varied depending on the type of the formulation. Forexample, the formulation of ointment, pastes, creams or gels maycomprise animal and vegetable fats, waxes, paraffins, starch,tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones,bentonite, silica, talc, zinc oxide or mixtures of these ingredients.

In the formulation of powder or spray, it may comprise lactose, talc,silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicate, polyamide powder andmixtures of these ingredients. Spray may additionally comprise thecustomary propellants, for example, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, propane,butane, diethyl ether, or dimethyl ether.

The formulation of solution and emulsion may comprise solvent,solubilizer and emulsifier, for example water, ethanol, isopropanol,ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate,propylene glycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, oils, in particular cottonseedoil, groundnut oil, maize germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesameseed oil, glycerol fatty esters, polyethylene glycol and fatty acidesters of sorbitan or mixtures of these ingredients.

The formulation of suspension may comprise liquid diluents, for examplewater, ethanol or propylene glycol, suspending agents, for exampleethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters andpolyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminummetahydroxide, bentonite, agar and tragacanth or mixtures of theseingredients.

The formulation of cleansing compositions with surfactant may comprisealiphatic alcohol sulfate, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfate,sulfosucinnate monoester, isethionate, imidazolium derivatives, methyltaurate, sarcosinate, fatty acid amide ether sulfate, alkyl amidobetaine, aliphatic alcohol, fatty acid glyceride, fatty aciddiethanolamide, vegetable oil, lanoline derivatives, ethoxylatedglycerol fatty acid ester or mixtures of these ingredients.

Additional antioxidant ingredients and compositions can be selectedfrom, but not limited to, Ascorbic acid, Ascorbic acid derivatives,Glucosamine ascorbate, Arginine ascorbate, Lysine ascorbate, Glutathioneascorbate, Nicotinamide ascorbate, Niacin ascorbate, Allantoinascorbate, Creatine ascorbate, Creatinine ascorbate, Chondroitinascorbate, Chitosan ascorbate, DNA Ascorbate, Carnosine ascorbate,Vitamin E, various Vitamin E derivatives, Tocotrienol, Rutin, Quercetin,Hesperedin (Citrus sinensis), Diosmin (Citrus sinensis), Mangiferin(Mangifera indica), Mangostin (Garcinia mangostana), Cyanidin (Vacciniummyrtillus), Astaxanthin (Haematococcus algae), Lutein (Tagetes patula),Lycopene (Lycopersicum esculentum), Resveratrol (Polygonum cuspidatum),Tetrahydrocurcumin (Curcuma longa), Rosmarinic acid (Rosmarinusofficinalis), Hypericin (Hypericum perforatum), Ellagic acid (Punicagranatum), Chlorogenic acid (Vaccinium vulgaris), Oleuropein (Oleaeuropaea), α-Lipoic acid, Niacinamide lipoate, Glutathione,Andrographolide (Andrographis paniculata), Carnosine, Niacinamide,Potentilla erecta extract, Polyphenols, Grapeseed extract, Pycnogenol(Pine Bark extract), Pyridoxine, Magnolol, Honokiol, Paeonol,Resacetophenone, Quinacetophenone, arbutin, kojic acid, and combinationsthereof.

The blood micro-circulation improvement ingredients and compositions canbe selected from, but not limited to, Horse Chestnut Extract (Aesculushippocastanum extract)), Esculin, Escin, Yohimbine, Capsicum Oleoresin,Capsaicin, Niacin, Niacin Esters, Methyl Nicotinate, Benzyl Nicotinate,Ruscogenins (Butchers Broom extract; Ruscus aculeatus extract),Diosgenin (Trigonella foenumgraecum, Fenugreek), Emblica extract(Phyllanthus emblica extract), Asiaticoside (Centella asiatica extract),Boswellia Extract (Boswellia serrata), Ginger Root Extract (ZingiberOfficianalis), Piperine, Vitamin K, Melilot (Melilotus officinalisextract), Glycyrrhetinic acid, Ursolic acid, Sericoside (Terminaliasericea extract), Darutoside (Siegesbeckia orientalis extract), Amnivisnaga extract, extract of Red Vine (Vitis Vinifera) leaves, apigenin,phytosan, luteolin, and combinations thereof.

The anti-inflammatory ingredients or compositions can be selected from,but not limited to, at least one antioxidant class of Cyclo-oxygenase(for example, COX-1 or COX-2) or Lipoxygenase (for example, LOX-5)enzyme inhibitors such as Ascorbic acid, Ascorbic acid derivatives,Vitamin E, Vitamin E derivatives, Tocotrienol, Rutin, Quercetin,Hesperedin (Citrus sinensis), Diosmin (Citrus sinensis), Mangiferin(Mangifera indica), Mangostin (Garcinia mangostana), Cyanidin (Vacciniummyrtillus), Astaxanthin (Haematococcus algae), Lutein (Tagetes patula),Lycopene (Lycopersicum esculentum), Resveratrol (Polygonum cuspidatum),Tetrahydrocurcumin (Curcuma longa), Rosmarinic acid (Rosmarinusofficinalis), Hypericin (Hypericum perforatum), Ellagic acid (Punicagranatum), Chlorogenic acid (Vaccinium vulgaris), Oleuropein (Oleaeuropaea), alpha-Lipoic acid, Glutathione, Andrographolide, Grapeseedextract, Green Tea Extract, Polyphenols, Pycnogenol (Pine Bark extract),White Tea extract, Black Tea extract, (Andrographis paniculata),Carnosine, Niacinamide, and Emblica extract. Anti-inflammatorycomposition can additionally be selected from, but not limited to, HorseChestnut Extract (Aesculus hippocastanum extract)), Esculin, Escin,Yohimbine, Capsicum Oleoresin, Capsaicin, Niacin, Niacin Esters, MethylNicotinate, Benzyl Nicotinate, Ruscogenins (Butchers Broom extract;Ruscus aculeatus extract), Diosgenin (Trigonella foenumgraecum,Fenugreek), Emblica extract (Phyllanthus emblica extract), Asiaticoside(Centella asiatica extract), Boswellia Extract (Boswellia serrata),Sericoside, Visnadine, Thiocolchicoside, Grapeseed Extract, Ginger RootExtract (Zingiber Officianalis), Piperine, Vitamin K, Melilot (Melilotusofficinalis extract), Glycyrrhetinic acid, Ursolic acid, Sericoside(Terminalia sericea extract), Darutoside (Siegesbeckia orientalisextract), Amni visnaga extract, extract of Red Vine (Vitis-Vinifera)leaves, apigenin, phytosan, luteolin, and combinations thereof.

Certain divalent and polyvalent metal ions can also be present in thecompositions of the present invention. The examples of such metal ionsinclude zinc, copper, manganese, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and iron.

EXAMPLES

All quantities are in weight percent amounts. The examples do not limitthe scope of the present invention.

Example 1 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine inwater solution

Ingredients. (1) Water 97.5 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) Glycine 1.0.Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients is heated at 90 to 95 C for 2hours. A solution of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine in wateris obtained.

Example 2 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycineSodium in water solution

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.91 (2) Sodium Bicarbonate 0.84 (3) Glycine0.75 (4) Resacetophenone 1.5. Procedure. Mix (1) to (3). A clearsolution is obtained. Heat to 80 to 90 C. Add (4). An instantaneousreaction occurs and a clear yellow solution is obtained. The mixing andheating is continued for 1 hour. A solution ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine Sodium in water is thusobtained, yellow in color, pH 8.5.

Example 3 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine fromN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine Sodium in water solution

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.91 (2) Sodium Bicarbonate 0.84 (3) Glycine0.75 (4) Resacetophenone 1.5. Procedure. Mix (1) to (3). Heat to 70 to80 C. Add (4). An instantaneous reaction occurs and a clear solution isobtained. The mixing and heating is continued for 1 hour. A solution ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine Sodium in water is thusobtained, pH 8.5. Water is evaporated to ⅓ in volume and the solutionallowed to cool. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid (2.0 gramsof 50% solution). N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine is obtainedas an off-white to pale, yellow crystalline solid. Ir (ethanol castfilm) 1600, 1509, 1443, 1378, 1322, 1272, 1173, 1137, 1062, 980, 769cm-1.

Example 4 Preparation ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine

Ingredients. (1) Water 95.8 (2) Sodium Bicarbonate 0.9 (3)Phenylalanine.H2O 1.8 (4) Resacetophenone 1.5. Procedure. Mix (1) to(3). Heat to 70 to 80 C. Add (4). An instantaneous reaction occurs and aclear yellow solution is obtained. The mixing and heating is continuedfor 1 hour. A solution ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine Sodium in water is thusobtained, pH 8.5. Water is evaporated to ⅓ in volume and the solutionallowed to cool. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid (2.0 gramsof 50% solution). N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine isobtained as an off-white to pale, yellow crystalline solid. Ir (ethanolcast film) 1596, 1505, 1440, 1372, 1324, 1265, 1177, 1140, 1096, 811,704 cm-1.

Example 5 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine

Ingredients. (1) Water 95.5 (2) Sodium Bicarbonate 0.9 (3) Arginine.2H2O2.1 (4) Resacetophenone 1.5. Procedure. Mix (1) to (3). Heat to 70 to 80C. Add (4). An instantaneous reaction occurs and a clear yellow solutionis obtained. The mixing and heating is continued for 1 hour. A solutionof N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine Sodium in water is thusobtained, pH 9.5. Water is evaporated to ⅓ in volume and the solutionallowed to cool. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid (2.0 gramsof 50% solution). N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine isobtained as an off-white to pale, yellow crystalline solid. Ir (ethanolcast film) 1601, 1507, 1443, 1381, 1271, 1174, 1138, 1100, 981, 870, 769cm-1.

Example 6 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine

Ingredients. (1) Water 97.3 (2) Sodium Bicarbonate 0.9 (3) L-Cysteine1.2 (4) Resacetophenone 1.5. Procedure. Mix (1) to (3). Heat to 70 to 80C. Add (4). An instantaneous reaction occurs and a clear yellow solutionis obtained. The mixing and heating is continued for 1 hour. A solutionof N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine Sodium in water is thusobtained, pH 8.5. Water is evaporated to ⅓ in volume and the solutionallowed to cool. The pH is adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid (2.0 gramsof 50% solution). N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine isobtained as a pale, yellow crystalline solid. Ir (Ethanol cast film)1630, 1603, 1509, 1450, 1380, 1321, 1272, 1175, 1140, 1063, 771 cm-1.

Example 7 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycinecopper complex [FIG. 2, Structure B, M=Cu, R=4-Hydroxy, R″=H] inWater-Alcohol medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 66.18 (2) Ethanol 30.0 (3) Resacetophenone 1.5(4) Copper Bis-glycinate Hydrate 2.32. Procedure. The mixture of allingredients is heated at 80 to 85 C for 2 hours. The color changes fromblue to bluish green, and a green precipitate is formed. The precipitateis filtered and washed with water to remove any unreacted copperglycinate, then washed with ethanol to remove any unreactedResacetophenone. Infra-red (ir) spectrum shows strong bands at 1606,1570, 1525, and 1136 cm-1. It is possibly solvated with ethanol.

Example 8 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycinecopper complex in water medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.18 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) CopperBis-glycinate Hydrate 2.32. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients isheated at 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. The color changes from blue to bluishgreen, and a greenish blue precipitate is formed. The precipitate isfiltered and washed with water to remove any unreacted copper glycinate,then washed with ethanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. Abluish green solid is obtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol castfilm) shows strong bands at 1605, 1579, 1386, 1240, 1206, 1059, 860, 792and 743 cm-1. Copper Glycinate, for comparison, has strong Ir bands at1610, 1367, 1330, 1139, 1048, 742, and 647 cm-1.

Example 9 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine Zincin water medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.20 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) ZincBis-glycinate Hydrate 2.30. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients isheated at 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. Water is then evaporated to ½ thevolume, mixture cooled to room temperature, and iso-propanol (100 ml) isadded with mixing and cooling. The precipitate is filtered and washedwith water to remove any unreacted zinc glycinate, then washed withiso-propanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. A white solid isobtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol cast film) shows strong bandsat 2871, 1624, 1456, 1370, 1329, 1252, 1096, 947, 844, and 813 cm-1.Zinc Glycinate, for comparison, has strong Ir bands at 2979, 1573, 1559,1399, 1317, 1046, and 909 cm-1. Resacetophenone, for comparison, has irbands at 1593, 1499, 1439, 1373, 1267, 1169, 1063, 979, 869, 765, 703cm-1.

Example 10 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycineZinc in water/PEG-6 medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 46.20 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) ZincBis-glycinate Hydrate 2.30 (4) PEG-6 50.0. Procedure. The mixture of (1)and (3) is heated at 90 to 95 C till a clear solution is formed. Themixture of (2) and (4) is then heated at 50 to 60 C to a clear solution.This is added to zinc glycinate solution with mixing and heatingcontinued at 90 to 95 C for 2 hours, then cooled to room temperature.The white crystalline precipitate thus formed is filtered and washedwith water to remove any unreacted copper glycinate, then washed withiso-propanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. A white solid isobtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol cast film) shows strong bandsat 2871, 1624, 1456, 1370, 1329, 1252, 1096, 947, 844, and 813 cm-1.

Example 11 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycineManganese in water medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.40 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) ManganeseBis-glycinate 2.10. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients is heatedat 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. Water is then evaporated off to ½ of itsoriginal volume. Ethanol (50 mL) is then added and the mixture cooled. Apurplish crystalline material is formed. The precipitate is filtered andwashed with water to remove any unreacted zinc glycinate, then washedwith iso-propanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. A purplishbrown crystalline material is obtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanolcast film) shows strong bands at 2896, 1599, 1507, 1408, 1330, 1280,1134, 908, 700 cm-1.

Example 12 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidineChromium Histidinate Complex [FIG. 2, Structure C, R=4-Hydroxy,R″=methyl-(4-imidazolyl), M=Cr]

Ingredients. (1) Water 92.80 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) Chromiumtris-histidinate 5.7. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients isheated at 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. Water is then evaporated off to ⅓ ofits original volume. Ethanol (50 mL) is then added and the mixturecooled. A red solution is formed. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol castfilm) shows strong bands at 1603, 1509, 1442, 1374, 325, 1268, 1142,1070, 988, 804 cm-1.

Example 13 Preparation of N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycineIron in water medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 96.50 (2) Resacetophenone 1.5 (3) IronBis-glycinate 2.0. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients is heatedat 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. The green color of iron glycinate changes toa dark red-brown color. Water is then evaporated off to ½ of itsoriginal volume. Ethanol (50 mL) is then added and the mixture cooled. Areddish brown material is formed. The precipitate is filtered and washedwith water to remove any unreacted iron glycinate, then washed withethanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. A reddish browncrystalline material is obtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol castfilm) shows strong bands at 3173, 1635, 1605, 1515, 1450, 1381, 1329,1279, 1178, 1144, 1064, 772 cm-1. Iron Bis-glycinate, for comparison,has major ir band at 1557, 1515, 1390, 1317, 1110, 1035, 901 cm-1.

Example 14 Preparation of Resacetophenone Copper Complex in Water Medium

Ingredients. (1) Water 94.68 (2) Resacetophenone 3.0 (3) CopperBis-glycinate Hydrate 2.32. Procedure. The mixture of all ingredients isheated at 90 to 95 C for 2 hours. The color changes from blue to bluishgreen, and a greenish blue precipitate is formed. The precipitate isfiltered and washed with water to remove any unreacted copper glycinate,then washed with ethanol to remove any unreacted Resacetophenone. Agreenish blue solid is obtained. Infra-red (ir) spectrum (ethanol castfilm) shows strong bands at 1591, 1386, 1329, 110, 1060, 913, 742, and693 cm-1. In comparison, Resacetophenone shows strong ir bands at 1625,1593, and 1268 cm-1.

Example 15 Skin Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Serum

Ingredients. (1) Ethyl Lactate 20.0 (2) Polyalkyleneoxy Polyamide 0.5(3) N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine (from Example 1) 5.0 (4)PEG-6 70.0 (5) Arbutin 4.0 (6) Preservatives 0.5. Procedure. Make serumbase by mixing (1) to (3) at room temperature or slight heating. Pre-mix(4) to (6) to a clear solution and add to main batch with mixing. Theproduct has light green serum like appearance.

Example 16 Anti-Acne and Facial Oil Control Cream

Ingredients. (1) Deionized water 79.5 (2) Cetearyl alcohol (and) dicetylphosphate (and) Ceteth-10 phosphate 5.0 (3) Cetyl alcohol 2.0 (4)Glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate 4.0 (5) Ethyl Lactate 5.0 (6)N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine molybdenum complex 3.0 (7)Paeonol 1.0 (8) Preservatives 0.5. Procedure. Mix 1 to 5 and heat to75-80° C. Adjust pH to 4.0 4.5. Cool to 35-40 C with mixing. Add 6 to 8with mixing. Adjust pH to 4.0-4.5, if necessary. An off-white cream isobtained.

Example 17 Skin Discoloration and Age Spots Cream Via In-Situ GeneratedN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine

Ingredients. (1) Water 53.9 (2) Dicetyl Phosphate (and) Ceteth-10Phosphate 5.0 (3) Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate 4.0 (4)Phenoxyethanol 0.7 (5) Chlorphenesin 0.3 (60) Titanium Dioxide 0.2 (7)Sodium Hydroxide 0.5 (8) Magnolol 0.2 (9) Boswellia Serrata 0.5 (10)Cetyl Dimethicone 1.5 (11) Tetrahydrocurcuminoids 0.5 (12) Shea butter2.0 (13) Ximenia oil 1.0 (14) Water 5.0 (15) Niacinamide Lactate 1.0(16) Niacinamide Hydroxycitrate 3.1 (17) 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 1.5and Glycine 1.0 (for in-situ generation ofN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine) (18) Paeonol 1.5 (19)Carnosine 0.1 (20) Cyclomethicone, Dimethicone Crosspolymer 2.0 (21)Arbutin 0.5 (22) Polysorbate-20 2.0 (23) Ethyl Lactate 12.0. Procedure.Mix (1) to (13) and heat at 70 to 80 C till homogenous. Cool to 40 to 50C. Premix (14) to (16) and add to batch with mixing. Mix (17) to (23) toa clear solution and add to main batch mix. Cool to room temperature. Anoff-white cream is obtained.

Example 18 MMP Inhibitor Acne Cream

Ingredients. (1) Water 53.9 (2) Dicetyl Phosphate (and) Ceteth-10Phosphate 5.0 (3) Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate 4.0 (4)Phenoxyethanol 0.7 (5) Chlorphenesin 0.3 (60) Titanium Dioxide 0.2 (7)Sodium Hydroxide 0.5 (8) Magnolol 0.2 (9) Boswellia Serrata 0.5 (10)Cetyl Dimethicone 1.5 (11) Tetrahydrocurcuminoids 0.5 (12) Shea butter2.0 (13) Ximenia oil 1.0 (14) Niacinamide Hydroxycitrate 2.2 (15) EthylLactate 15.0 (16) Niacinamide Salicylate 4.0 (17)N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine molybdenum complex 1.1 (18)Paeonol 1.5 (19) Carnosine 0.1 (20) Cyclomethicone, DimethiconeCrosspolymer 2.0 (21) Arbutin 0.5 (22) Salicylic Acid 2.0 (23)Polysorbate-20 2.0 (24) Polyacrylamide 2.0. Procedure. Mix (1) to (15)and heat at 70 to 80 C till homogenous. Cool to 40 to 50 C. Premix (16)to (23) and heat, if necessary, to a solution and add to main batch withmixing. Cool to room temperature and add (24) and mix. An off-whitecream is obtained.

Example 19 MMP Inhibitor Skin Brightening Cleanser

Ingredients. (1) PEG-6 47.229 (2) Hydroxypropyl Guar 0.4 (3) SodiumCocoyl Isethionate 20.0 (4) Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate 5.0 (5) BoswelliaSerrata 0.05 (6) L-Glutathione 0.01 (7) Resveratrol 0.01 (8)N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine 1.1 (9) 2,6-DihydroxyAcetophenone 0.001 (10) Ascorbic acid 10.0 (11) Phenoxyethanol 0.7 (12)Ethylhexylglycerin 0.3 (13) Fragrance 0.2 (14) Ethylhexyl Lactate 15.0.Procedure. Mix (1) and (2) to a clear thin gel. Add (3) and (4) and mix.Premix (5) to (14) to a solution. Add to main batch and mix. A whitecream-like cleanser is obtained.

Example 20 Anti-Inflammatory MMP Inhibitor Transparent Gel

Ingredients. (1) Ethyl Lactate 96.75 (2) Hydroxypropyl Guar 1.0 (3)Ximenia Oil 0.1 (4) Capsaicin 0.25 (5) Magnolol (and) Honokiol 0.2 (6)Paeonol 0.5 (7) N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine coppercomplex 0.2 (8) Fragrance 1.0. Procedure. Mix (1) and (2) and heat at 50to 60 C till clear. Cool to 40 to 45 C and add all other ingredients andmix. Cool to room temperature. A transparent gel-like product isobtained.

Example 21 Hair Growth Promoting Shampoo

Ingredients. (1) Water 64.2 (2)N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine 1.2 (3) Sodium LaurylSulfoacetate 10.0 (4) Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate 20.0 (5)Phenoxyethanol 0.7 (6) Chlorphenesin 0.3 (7) PEG-120 Methyl GlucoseDioleate 2.5. (8) Hydrolyzed Soy Protein 0.5 (9) Hydrolyzed Silk Protein0.5 (10) Oat Extract 0.1. Procedure. Mix (1) to (7) and heat at 60 to 70C to a clear solution. Cool to 35 to 40 C and add all other ingredientsand mix. Cool to room temperature.

Example 22 Heat Releasing Face and Body Skin Brightening Cleanser

Ingredients. (1) Ethyl Lactate 5.0 (2) Hydroxypropyl Guar 0.4 (3) PEG-636.9 (4) Glycerin 2.0 (5) Vitamin E 0.1 (6) Botanicals blend 0.1 (7)Zeolite 30.0 (8) Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate powder 7.5 (9) SodiumCocoyl Isethionate powder 11.0 (10) Shea butter 1.1 (11) Apricot KernelOil 0.5 (12) N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine copper complex1.1 (13) Mango butter 0.5 (14) Fragrance 3.0 (15) Preservative 0.8.Procedure. Mix (1) to (3) and heat at 40 to 50 C till a clear gel isobtained (about one hour). Pre-mix (4) to (6) and add to main batch andmix. Add (7) to (13) and mix. Cool to 35 to 45 C. Add all otheringredients to main batch and mix. Cool to room temperature to anoff-white paste. Upon application to slightly wet face or body, heatrelease is experienced and voluminous foam is generated upon rubbingskin with some more water.

Example 23 Facial Glow Serum with In-Situ GeneratedN-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propylidene}glycine,derived from Phloridzin and Glycine

Ingredients. (1) Butylene Glycol 57.9 (2) Water 10.0 (3) Ascorbic Acid10.0 (4) Diglycerol 10.0 (5) Bis-PEG-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane 4.0(6) Acrylates/Aminoacrylates/C-10-30 Alkyl PEG-20 Itaconate Copolymer4.0 (7) Phloridzin 1.5 (8) Glycine 1.0 (9) Magnolol 0.2 (10) Baicalin0.2 (11) Coleus Forskohlii Root Extract 0.1 (12) Preservative 1.0.Procedure. Make Premix A by mixing (2), (7), and (8) at 60 to 70 C for30 min., then add (3) with mixing. Make Premix B by mixing all otheringredients, except (6), separately. Mix Premix A and Premix B, then add(6) with mixing to adjust viscosity.

Example 24 Facial Glow Cream with In-Situ GeneratedN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]Glycine Sodium Complex

Ingredients. (1) Water 72.45 (2) Dicetyl phosphate and Ceteth-10phosphate 5.0 (3) Glyceryl Stearate and PEG-100 stearate 4.0 (4)Diglycerol 2.0 (5) Shea butter 2.0 (6) 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 1.5 (7)Sodium glycinate 2.2 (8) Capuacu butter 1.0 (9) Sodium hydroxide 0.25(10) Boswellia serrata extract 0.5 (11) Tetrahydrocurcumin 0.2 (12)Paeonol 0.2 (13) Arbutin 1.1 (14) Coleus Forskohlii Root extract 0.1(15) Polysorbate-20 4.0 (16) Carnosine 0.1 (17) Preservative 1.0 (18)Polyacrylamide and C13-14 Isoparaffin and Laureth-7 2.0. Procedure. MakePremix A by mixing (1), (6), and (7) at 80 to 90 C. Add all otheringredients and continue mixing until homogenous. Cool to roomtemperature.

Example 25 Facial Glow Cleanser with In-Situ GeneratedTriethanolammonium N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]Glycinate

Ingredients. (1) Water 52.0 (2) 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 1.5 (3)Triethanolammonium Glycinate 1.5 (4) Arbutin 0.5 (5) Magnolol 0.2 (6)Coleus Forskohlii Root Extract 0.3 (7) Preservative 1.0 (8) Glycerin 1.0(9) Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate 20.0 (10) Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate20.0 (11) PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate 2.0. Procedure. Mix (1) to (3)at 80 to 90 C. Add all other ingredients. Continue mixing untilhomogenous. Cool to room temperature.

Example 26 Facial Glow Cleanser with In-Situ GeneratedN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]Glycine Zinc Complex

Ingredients. (1) Water 51.4 (2) 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone 1.5 (3) ZincBis-Glycinate 2.1 (4) Arbutin 0.5 (5) Magnolol 0.2 (6) Coleus ForskohliiRoot Extract 0.3 (7) Preservative 1.0 (8) Glycerin 1.0 (9) Sodium MethylCocoyl Taurate 20.0 (10) Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate 20.0 (11) PEG-120Methyl Glucose Dioleate 2.0. Procedure. Mix (1) to (11) at 80 to 90 C.Continue mixing until homogenous. Cool to room temperature.

Example 27 “Molybdenum Cofactor” Acne Cream

Ingredients. (1) Water 53.9 (2) Dicetyl Phosphate (and) Ceteth-10Phosphate 5.0 (3) Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate 4.0 (4)Phenoxyethanol 0.7 (5) Chlorphenesin 0.3 (60) Titanium Dioxide 0.2 (7)Sodium Hydroxide 0.5 (8) Magnolol 0.2 (9) Boswellia Serrata 0.5 (10)Cetyl Dimethicone 1.5 (11) Tetrahydrocurcuminoids 0.5 (12) Shea butter2.0 (13) Ximenia oil 1.0 (14) Niacinamide Hydroxycitrate 2.2 (15) EthylLactate 15.0 (16) Niacinamide Salicylate 4.0 (17)N-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine molybdenum complex 1.1 (18)Paeonol 1.5 (19) Carnosine 0.1 (20) Cyclomethicone, DimethiconeCrosspolymer 2.0 (21) Arbutin 0.5 (22) Salicylic Acid 2.0 (23)Polysorbate-20 2.0 (24) Polyacrylamide 2.0. Procedure. Mix (1) to (15)and heat at 70 to 80 C till homogenous. Cool to 40 to 50 C. Premix (16)to (23) and heat, if necessary, to a solution and add to main batch withmixing. Cool to room temperature and add (24) and mix. An off-whitecream is obtained.

In-Vitro and Human Clinical Testing Results.

These tests were conducted to establish the treatment of the groups ofthe following topical conditions that relate to malfunction of enzyme(s)related to said group of topical conditions:

-   -   (i) Darkened skin including age spots, circles around eyes and        stretch marks,    -   (ii) Acne,    -   (iii) Premature hair aging including hair loss and graying,    -   (iv) Inflammation including intra-cellular and extra-cellular        inflammation,    -   (v) Skin aging including wrinkles and fine lines,    -   (vi) Loss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of skin        pliability,    -   (vii) Malfunction of tyrosinase group of enzymes (via inhibition        of tyrosinase group of enzymes),    -   (viii) Malfunction of matrix metalloprotease group of enzymes        (via inhibition of matrix metalloprotease group of enzymes).

The method of treatment of darkened skin including age spots, circlesaround eyes and stretch marks of the present invention relates to theinhibition of both tyrosinase and MMP group of enzymes, as it is theskin colorant melanin that is responsible for those skin conditions. Anyagent that would cause a treatment of said conditions shall also beconsidered to provide the end benefit of that treatment, i.e., a skinwhitening agent for dark skin, age spots, and dark circles around theeyes. It is usually all of the above skin conditions that accompany.

Similarly, premature hair aging including hair loss and graying iscaused by a combination of two malfunctioning enzymes, i.e., tyrosinaseand MMP. The tyrosinase causes the melanin color change, while MMPcauses the inflammation of hair root zone that results in premature hairloss. The treatment of this malfunction by the method of the presentinvention causes the retardation of premature hair loss and hairgraying.

Inflammation including intra-cellular and extra-cellular inflammation ismainly caused by up-regulated MMP group of enzymes, the treatment ofwhich causes an anti-inflammatory affect.

Up-regulated MMP enzymes, and down-regulated superoxide dismutases causeskin aging including wrinkles and fine lines; the treatment of which bythe method of the present invention causes the retardation of skin agingincluding wrinkles and fine lines.

Up-regulated MMP enzymes and reduction of antioxidant efficacy ofcellular enzymes including superoxide dismutases cause the loss ofcollagen including thinning skin and loss of skin pliability; thetreatment of which by the method of the present invention causes theenhancement of collagen, which concomitantly causes an increase both inthe thickness of skin and its pliability.

Thus, it is clear to understand that the method of the presentinvention, which causes the correction of the functioning of bothtyrosinase and MMP GROUP of enzymes, can provide a surprising andunexpected array of treatments for various skin conditions classifiedinto groups of inter-related disorders, as discussed above. This isworthy of note that the method of the treatment of the present inventionprovides a treatment for a group of inter-related skin conditions, andnot just one or two of said conditions.

Inhibition of Matrix Metalloprotease and Tyrosinase Group of Enzymes.

Method. N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc andN-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc show some structuralsimilarity to hydroquinone. Both samples have already been evaluated foranti-tyrosinase activity and N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycinezinc showed tyrosinase inhibition. We now also show that both moleculesshow MMP inhibition activity withN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc being the most potentone.

In vitro specific inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone and 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone was estimatedwith assay kits from Biomol Corporation. Recombinant human enzyme wasobtained from R&D Systems. The enzyme was first activated with APMAaccording to the protocol provided by R&D Systems. The experimentalconditions for the screening of inhibitors were similar to the settingsused for MMP-2 and MMP-9 testing.

Results are summarised below. N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycinezinc showed very good and general inhibition of Matrix metalloproteasesunder these experimental conditions whereas the anti-MMP activity ofN-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc seemed to be weaker, butstill quite acceptable.

In vitro inhibition of MMP1, 2 and 9 for several samples(mcg=micro-grams).

50% Inhibition Concentration Compound MMP-1 MMP-2 MMP-9N-[(2,4-Dihydroxy- 15 mcg/mL 13 mcg/mL  17 mcg/mLphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc N-[(2,5-Dihydroxy- 89 mcg/Ml 84 mcg/mL110 mcg/mL phenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc

Inhibition of Tyrosinase Group of Enzymes.

Method. Kinetic analysis of 2,4 DHA inhibition.

All reactions were performed at 20 C, in phosphate buffer 100 mM, pH6.8, mushroom tyrosinase.

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Compound ConcentrationN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc 3.3 milli-molar N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc >100 milli-molar Arbutin (control) 25 milli-molar

These results show that N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc(from Resacetophenone and zinc glycinate) is an excellent inhibitor oftyrosinase group of enzymes.

Clinical Testing for the Treatment of Skin Condition.

Test Samples.

Example 27 Serum A

Ingredients. (1) Water 10.0 (2) Ascorbic Acid 10.0 (3) Butylene Glycol58.0 (4) Diglycerol 10.0 (5) N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine3.0 (from Resacetophenone 2.5 and Zinc Glycinate 0.5) (6) Preservatives1.0 (7) Dow Corning Cosmetic Wax 2501 4.0 (8) Structure Plus 4.0.Procedure. Ingredients 1 to 6 are mixed and heated at 60 to 65 Celsius(C) till a solution is obtained then cooled to 35 to 40 C and ingredient7 and 8 are added with mixing to a desired viscosity. It is cooled toroom temperature. A serum-like product is obtained, pH 3.5. It is markedSerum A in the clinical testing described herein.

Example 28 Serum B

A control sample, made as above for Serum A, but without any zincglycinate and with proportionately increased amount of butylene glycol,was also prepared (pH 3.1) and labeled Serum B in the clinical testingdescribed herein.

Clinical Testing I: Serum A Versus Placebo.

Ballistometry showed a decrease in skin stiffness at 1 week in thetreated group, and an increase in the placebo group. The placebo groupcontinues to increase in stiffness at one month. This study started inthe late summer and as the season changes the temperature has droppedconsiderably and the humidity is lower. Typically we start to see theonset of drier skin as colder weather progresses. The amplitudemeasurement has a decrease in the placebo group, but the treated grouphad a slight increase. As skin ages, we generally see a decrease in theamplitude measurement.

Laser Doppler There was an increase in the microcirculation of the skinat the 1-week measurement in both the placebo and treated groups. Therewas no change at the 1-month measurement.Silastic Castings These results are reported as % change in fine linesand wrinkles. The castings at 1 week and 1 month were compared to thebaseline castings. The castings obtained from the treated group showed agreater decrease in fine lines and wrinkles.

Fine Lines & Wrinkles Increase No Change Decrease PLACEBO 1 Week 60 3010 1 Month 70 23 7 TREATED 1 Week 30 30 40 1 Month 20 20 60 PhotographicAssessment at 1 Month: Photographs were evaluated for skin texture,pigmentation, pore-size, skin tone and clarity. Treated- 8 of 15subjects showed an overall improvement in their skin. Placebo- 2 of 15subjects showed an overall improvement in their skin.

Conclusions of Clinical Testing (I).

1. Comparison of the Treated Group Versus the Placebo Group Exhibited:

-   -   Reduced breakouts (acne-type).    -   Softer skin, smoother complexion (less wrinkles, more pliable).    -   Skin looks and feels cleaner (less inflammation).    -   Reduced pore-size.    -   Reduced facial oil.        2. Subject's Assessment of their Skin:        The subjects were asked to evaluate the skin care regimen that        they were prescribed.        Placebo—6 of 15 report a positive response to the prescribed        skin care.        Treated—14 out of 15 report a positive response to the        prescribed skin care

3. Safety/Adverse Reactions:

There were no reported incidences of skin irritation during this study.This establishes anti-inflammatory affect.

Clinical Testing II: Serum A Versus Serum B Versus Placebo.

The study was a double blinded, pilot, controlled, single center study.A total of 24 subjects participated in the study. They were divided intotwo groups of 12 subjects each. The test samples (with and withoutascorbyl gluconate) were made as described in Example 2. Group-A,applied the Serum-A, while the Group-B applied the Serum-B. Each subjectwas asked to use the given test products on left under-eye for a periodof 4 weeks. The right under-eye was the untreated eye. The subjects wereassessed on 0 day, and at the end of the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd) and the4^(th) week. The assessment was carried out by a Dermatologist for theimprovement in the (1) dark circles, (2) puffiness, and (3) wrinklesunder the eye. Elastometer readings were taken for the crowfeet area toassess the improvement in skin elasticity.

2.1 Investigational Products.

-   -   The investigational products were the two under eye serum        formulations and were coded A and B as follows:    -   Serum from Example 2: Serum-A (With ascorbyl gluconate).    -   Serum Modified from Example 2: Serum-B (Only ascorbic acid, no        ascorbyl gluconate).

2.2 Controls For The Study.

-   -   The right under-eye was untreated and that was taken as the        control untreated site.

2.3 Subject Population.

-   -   Total 24 subjects were selected as per the inclusion and        exclusion criteria.

2.4 Inclusion Criteria:

-   -   i. Male and Female (30:70) subjects in generally good health.    -   ii. Subjects in the age group of 25-45 years.    -   iii. Subject has not participated in a similar investigation in        the past four weeks.    -   iv. Subjects have not used similar products for the last 4        weeks.    -   v. Subjects willing to give a written informed consent and come        for regular.    -   vi. Follow-up.    -   vii. Subjects should have an under eye puffiness score of 2-3,        and under eye dark circle score of 2-3 as mentioned in section 9        of this protocol.

2.5 Exclusion Criteria

-   -   i. A Known history or present condition of Allergic response to        any cosmetic product.    -   ii. Subject having skin disease (e.g. psoriasis, atomic        dermatitis or other cutaneous manifestations), which would        interfere with the test readings.    -   iii. Subjects having melasma.    -   iv. Subjects on medications (e.g. steroids or antihistamines),        which would compromise the study.    -   v. The subject is pregnant/nursing.

2.6 Duration of Study: Four Weeks.

3.0 Study Outline.

3.1 Product Application.

-   -   The respective test sample was provided to the subjects after        the baseline reading. The subjects applied approximately 0.5        grams of the test products on the left under-eye and evenly        spread the product gently extending up to the crowfeet region        with light strokes till absorbed into the skin. The right        under-eye was considered as control or untreated site. The test        sample was applied twice daily (i.e. once after bath and second        before bedtime) for a period of four weeks on the left under eye        region.

3.2 Clinical Measurements.

3.2.1 Visual Assessment of Under-eye (By Dermatologist).

-   -   The dermatologist graded the both the under-eyes of the subjects        on the baseline day and at the end of the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd)        and 4^(th) week as per the following criteria.    -   (1) Dark circles—The dermatologist graded the under eye dark        circles on both the left and right under-eye by using the        following scale (half points used when necessary):

Description Score No dark circles 0 Mild dark circles 1 Moderate darkcircles 2 Severe dark circles 3

-   -   (2) Puffiness—The dermatologist graded the under eye puffiness        on both the left and right under-eye by using the following        scale (half points used when necessary):

Description Score No puffiness 0 Mild puffiness 1 Moderate puffiness 2Severe puffiness 3

-   -   (3) Wrinkles—The dermatologist graded the under eye wrinkles on        both the left and right under-eye by using the following scale        (half points used when necessary):

Description Score No wrinkles 0 Very fine lines 1 Moderate wrinkles 2Deep set wrinkles 3

3.2.3 Instrumental Assessment.

Elastometer: Skin elasticity of both the crowfeet area was recordedusing Elastometer.

4.0 Results and Statistical Analysis.

4.1 Dermatologist's Assessment.

4.1.1 Dark circles.

-   -   Serum-A. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the dark circle scores for the treated under-eye.        The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to improve        albeit only to a small extent.    -   Serum-B. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the dark circle scores for the treated under-eye.        The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to improve        albeit only to a small extent. However, the differences in        improvement between untreated & treated under-eye scores are not        statistically significant. 5 of the 12 subjects in the Serum-B        group showed significant improvement in the reduction of dark        circles.    -   Serum-A Compared to Serum-B. If the improvements in the scores        for the treated under-eye over the improvements in the scores        for the untreated under-eye are compared, there is no        statistically significant difference between the improvement in        dark circles due to Serum-A and    -   Serum-B, although the stability of Serum A is better.

4.1.2 Puffiness.

-   -   Serum-A. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the puffiness scores for the treated under-eye.        The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to improve        albeit only to a small extent.    -   Serum-B. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the puffiness scores for the treated under-eye.        The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to improve        albeit only to a small extent.    -   Serum-A Compared to Serum-B. If the improvements in the scores        for the treated under-eye over the improvements in the scores        for the untreated under-eye are compared, there is no        statistically significant difference between the improvement in        puffiness due to Serum-A and    -   Serum-B, although the stability of Serum A is better.

4.1.3 Wrinkles.

-   -   Serum-A. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the scores for wrinkles for the treated        under-eye. The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to        improve albeit only to a small extent.    -   Serum-B. Compared to the baseline scores, there is a good        improvement in the scores for wrinkles for the treated        under-eye. The scores for the untreated under-eye also seem to        improve albeit only to a small extent.    -   Serum-A Compared to Serum-B. If the improvements in the scores        for the treated under-eye over the improvements in the scores        for the untreated under-eye are compared, Serum-A shows better        improvement in reduction of wrinkles post week-3, and the        stability of Serum A is better.

4.2 Instrumental assessment of Crowfeet area: Elastometer.

-   -   Serum-A. Compared to the baseline scores, there is an        improvement in the Elastometer readings scores for the treated        crowfeet area. Eight of the 11 subjects show significant        improvement in Elastometer readings for the treated crowfeet        area.    -   Serum-B. Compared to the baseline scores, there is an        improvement in the Elastometer readings scores for the treated        crowfeet area. However, the extent of improvement is fluctuating        over the four-week period.    -   Serum-A Compared to Serum-B. There is no statistically        significant difference between Serum-A and Serum-B, although        serum A is directionally better, and the stability of Serum A is        also better.

5.0 CONCLUSION OF CLINICAL TESTING.

-   -   Based on the data it is generally seen that for all the        under-eye attributes (dark circle, puffiness, fine lines, and        wrinkles), good amount of improvement is seen after week-3 for        Serum-A (N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine), compared        to untreated area. These clinical tests further establish that        both Serum A and B provide the treatments for the following        group of skin conditions:        -   (i) Darkened skin including age spots, circles around eyes            and stretch marks,        -   (ii) Acne,        -   (iii) Inflammation including intra-cellular and            extra-cellular inflammation,        -   (iv) Skin aging including wrinkles and fine lines, and        -   (v) Loss of collagen including thinning skin and loss of            skin pliability.

Antioxidant Testing Results.

Example 29 Antioxidant Testing of Serum A

Procedure. The liquid of Example 2, Serum A is stored at roomtemperature in a container. A lid is laid across the top of thecontainer to slow evaporation. The lid does not prevent ambient air fromslowly entering the container. After six months the liquid is stillclear and colorless.

Example 30 Antioxidant Testing of Serum B

Procedure. The liquid of Example 2, Serum B is stored at roomtemperature in a container. A lid is laid across the top of thecontainer to slow evaporation. The lid does not prevent ambient air fromslowly entering the container. After six months the liquid is yellowishorange.

Example 31 Antioxidant Testing of Serum A

Procedure. The liquid of Example 2, Serum A is stored at 50 degreesCelsius in a container. A lid is laid across the top of the container.After four weeks the liquid is still clear and colorless.

Example 32 Antioxidant Testing of Serum B

Procedure. The liquid of Example 2, Serum B is stored at 50 degreesCelsius in a container. A lid is laid across the top of the container.After four weeks the liquid is brownish orange.

CONCLUSION OF ANTIOXIDANT TESTING. Composition of Serum A is moreantioxidant than Serum B, while both of them have acceptable antioxidantefficacy.

1. A composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a saltthereof, for the treatment of skin or hair condition:

Wherein, R, R′, and R″=any substituent(s); and M=H, Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg,Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mo, V, Cr, Ammonium, Alkyl ammonium, and NitrogenHeterocyclic ammonium.
 2. A composition according to claim 1, whereinsaid compound is N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine.
 3. Acomposition according to claim 1, wherein said salt isN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine zinc.
 4. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said compound is further selected fromN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine, andN-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine,N-[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glycine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]histidine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]carnosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]glutathione,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]arginine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tyrosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]phenylalanine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyphenylglycine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]lysine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]tryptophane,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]serine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]dihydroxytyrosine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cysteine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]cystine,N-[(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]methionine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}glycine,N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]proline,N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydroxyproline,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}serine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}carnosine,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}glutathione,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}proline,N-{1-[(2-beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl]propylidene}hydroxyproline,andN-{1-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]propylidene}glycine,and salts thereof.
 5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein saidskin or hair condition is selected from the group consisting of darkenedskin including age spots, dark circles around eyes, and stretch marks;skin conditions related to acne including excess facial oil and facialpore size; premature hair aging including hair loss and graying;inflammation including intra-cellular and extra-cellular inflammation;skin aging including wrinkles and fine lines; loss of collagen includingthinning skin and loss of skin pliability; malfunction of tyrosinasegroup of enzymes; malfunction of matrix metalloprotease group ofenzymes; and combinations thereof.
 6. A composition according to claim1, wherein said skin or hair condition is from malfunction of tyrosinasegroup of enzymes.
 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein saidskin or hair condition is from malfunction of matrix metalloproteasegroup of enzymes.
 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein saidskin or hair condition is skin aging including wrinkles and fine lines.9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said skin or haircondition is darkened skin including age spots, dark circles aroundeyes, and stretch marks.
 10. A composition according to claim 1, whereinsaid skin or hair condition is premature hair aging including hair lossand graying.
 11. A method of topical application comprising a compoundof claim 1, or a salt thereof, for the treatment of skin or haircondition; wherein, (i) Said application having been done either by amanual or a mechanical method, or a combination thereof; and, wherein,(ii) Said application is repeated as necessary to treat said condition.12. A method according to claim 11, and a base or carrier.
 13. A methodaccording to claim 11, wherein said skin or hair condition is selectedfrom the group consisting of skin condition related to acne includingexcess facial oil and facial pore size; darkened skin including agespots, dark circles around the eyes, and stretch marks; skin agingincluding wrinkles and fine lines; loss of collagen including thinningskin and loss of skin pliability; cellular inflammation includingintracellular and extra cellular inflammation; premature hair agingincluding premature hair loss and hair graying; malfunction oftyrosinase group of enzymes, malfunction of matrix metalloprotease groupof enzymes; and combinations thereof.
 14. A method according to claim11, wherein said skin or hair condition is darkened skin including agespots, dark circles around the eyes, and stretch marks.
 15. A methodaccording to claim 11, wherein said skin or hair condition is skin agingincluding wrinkles and fine lines.
 16. A method according to claim 11,wherein said skin or hair condition is premature hair aging includingpremature hair loss and hair graying.
 17. A method according to claim13, wherein said skin condition is darkened skin including age spots,dark circle around the eyes, and stretch marks.
 18. A method accordingto claim 13, wherein said skin condition is premature hair agingincluding premature hair loss and hair graying.
 19. A method accordingto claim 13, wherein said skin condition is skin aging includingwrinkles and fine lines.
 20. A method according to claim 13, whereinsaid skin condition is loss of collagen including thinning skin and lossof skin pliability.